1. Basic Level Training Fiber Optic Basics

2. Agenda Advantages of fiber optic technology Fibers and cables
Fiber optic connectors
End devices
Finding the right solution

3. Advantages of fiber optic technology Increase of performance
Data Rate
Fiber Optics
Copper
Distance
User benefits
Transmission rate independent from transmission distance
Significant increase of possible transmission length compared to copper
3 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

4. Advantages of fiber optic technology Complete potential separationFO B FO C
U / I
U / I
User benefits
Devices can't be damaged due to equalizing currents
Easier installation of data cables (shielding, ground potential)
4 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

5. Advantages of fiber optic technology Maximum interference resistanceFO
EMI
User benefits
Total immunity against electromagnetic interferences (EMI)
Easier installation of data cables, no restrictions passing sources of interference
5 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

6. Advantages of fiber optic technology Immunity against overvoltages
Fiber Optics
Control Room
User benefits
Devices can't be damaged due to overvoltage
Use of overvoltage protection components will be minimized
6 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

7. Agenda Advantages of fiber optic technology Fibers and cables
Fiber optic connectors
End devices
Finding the right solution

8. Different fiber types Principle structure of an optical fiber
elastomer
aramid yarn
outer jacket
light guiding material
core
cladding
coating / buffer
strain relief
coating / buffer
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9. Different fiber types Wavelengths & fibers
Glass Fiber (MM)
Glass Fiber (SM)
HCS-GI
Polymer Fiber
HCS/PCF-Fiber
HCS/PCF-Fiber
Glass Fiber (MM)
Glass Fiber (SM)
660 nm
850 nm
1300 nm
1550 nm
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
Wavelengths in nm
Spectrum of electromagnetic waves
Polymer (POF)
HCS/PCF
Glass
Glass
980 µm
1000 µm
200 µm
230 µm
50/125 µm
9/125 µm
Multimode (MM)
Multimode
Multimode
Singlemode (SM)
9 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

10. Different fiber types POF – polymeric optical fiber
No Coating
Cladding
Core
Core
plastic
Cladding
Wavelength
660 nm
Distances
up to 70 m
Data rate
up to 100 Mbit/s
980 µm
Distances up to 70 m (10 Mbit/s)
Data rate up to 100 Mbit/s (50 m)
1000 µm
10 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

11. Different fiber types HCS (PCF) – hard cladded silica
Coating
Cladding
Core
Core
glass
Cladding
plastic
Wavelength
660 nm & 850 nm
Distances
up to 2800 m
Data rate
up to 100 Mbit/s
200 µm
PCF – polymer cladded fiber
Distances up to 2800 m (115,2 kBit/s)
Data rate up to 100 Mbit/s (100 m)
230 µm
11 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

12. Different fiber types GOF MM – glass optical fiber multi mode
Coating
Cladding
Core
glass
Cladding
Wavelength
850 nm & 1300 nm
Distances
up to 27 km
Data rate
up to 10 Gbit/s
Core
50 µm
62,5 µm
Distances up to 27 km (115,2 kBit/s with 1300 nm)
Profibus 1300 nm  25 km
Data rate up to 10 Gbit/s (550m with 1300 nm)
125 µm
12 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

13. Different fiber types GOF SM – glass optical fiber single mode
Coating
Cladding
Core
glass
Cladding
Wavelength
1300 nm & 1550 nm
Distances
up to 45 km
Data rate
above 10 Gbit/s
Core
9 µm
Distances up to 45 km (115,2 kBit/s with 1300 nm)
1550 nm  above 50 km
100 Mbit/s  36 km (with 1300 nm)
125 µm
13 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

14. Different fiber types GOF SM – glass optical fiber single mode
Fiber cladding 125 µm
Match stick
Fiber core 9 µm
14 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

15. Different fiber types HCS GI – hard cladded silica gradient index
Coating
Cladding
Core
Core
glass
Cladding
plastic
Wavelength
660 nm – 1300 nm
Distances
up to 2000 m
Data rate
up to 1 Gbit/s
200 µm
230 µm
Distances up to 2000 m (100 Mbit/s 1300 nm)
Data rate up to 1 Gbit/s (300 m with 1300 nm)
High data rates
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16. Light speed is a myth Speed of light in a medium
Vacuum c = m/s
Air c = m/s
Water c = m/s
Glass c = m/s
Speed of light in a medium

17. Wire type Wire elements Core Cladding Coating Outer jacket
Strain relief
Coating
Cladding
Core

18. Wire type Loose tube One fiber Fibers with extended length Gel filling
Splicing necessary
Plastic tube
Fiber

19. Phoenix Contact cable types
KDHEAVY
Polymer
Medium weight version
Indoor installation
Distances up to 45 km (115,2 kBit/s with 1300 nm)
1550 nm  above 50 km
100 Mbit/s  36 km (with 1300 nm)
19 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

20. Phoenix Contact cable types
RUGGED
POF, HCS, Glass MM
Heavy version
Indoor installation
High tensile and lateral loads
Profinet B
POF, HCS
Distances up to 45 km (115,2 kBit/s with 1300 nm)
1550 nm  above 50 km
100 Mbit/s  36 km (with 1300 nm)
20 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

21. Phoenix Contact cable types
RUGGED FLEX
POF
Heavy version
Indoor installation
Highly flexible
Trailing cables or drag chains
Profinet C
POF, HCS
Distances up to 45 km (115,2 kBit/s with 1300 nm)
1550 nm  above 50 km
100 Mbit/s  36 km (with 1300 nm)
21 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

22. Phoenix Contact cable types
HCS and Glass
Outdoor installation
Watertight lengthwise
Vapor barrier
Rodent-proof scrim
HCSO / GDO
Vapor barrier Dampfsperre
Rodent-proof scrim Nagetierfeste Glasgarnlage
22 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

23. Agenda Advantages of fiber optic technology Fibers and cables
Fiber optic connectors
End devices
Finding the right solution

24. Connector variety A lot of different designs
Mostly simplex and duplex connectors
Mostly standardised in the IEC 61754
Requirements and price are decisive
Durch die breite Verwendung der LWL-Technik in vielen Branchen und Anwendungen hat sich eine Vielzahl an Steckern etabliert
Anforderungen:
Verpolschutz
Auszugkräfte/Verriegelung
Baugröße/Formfaktor
Steckereinfügedämpfung (0,1…0,3 dB)
Robustheit
Laserschutzklappe
24 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

25. Most common fiber connectors (IP20)
Name
F-SMA ST
(B-FOC)
SCRJ (Duplex)
SC-Duplex
LC-Duplex
Design
Connector with screw connection
bayonet lock (snap and twist)
Push/Pull-connector
(stick and click)
Compatible fibers
Polymer and HCS
HCS and glas
Glass and HCS-GI
Glass
25 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

26. Couplers INTERFACE serial Mechanical connection of two connector
Extension of existing cables
Fast repair of cables
Adaption of different connector types (mostly patch cables)
Attend additional attenuation (1.5 … 2.0 dB)

27. Fiber optic cable assemblies
We offer each useful combination of
following connectors/assembly types *
Open End
FSMA
SCRJ
SC-Duplex ST LC
IP67 SCRJ
IP67 PPCPL
IP67 PPCME
Open End
FSMA
SCRJ
SC-Duplex ST LC
IP67 SCRJ
IP67 PPCPL
IP67 PPCME
* depending on type of FO cable
27 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date
27 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date 27

28. Agenda Advantages of fiber optic technology Fibers and cables
Fiber optic connectors
End devices
Finding the right solution

29. Basic principle of a fiber optic converter
Optical
transmitter
Optical
receiver
Electrical signal
Optical signal
Electrical signal
Optical
receiver
Optical
transmitter
The received electrical signal is
converted protocol transparent
to an optical signal
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30. Serial media converter
Simple to use
Protocol transparent
No software
Settings via dip-switch
No telegram checking
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31. Serial media converter
What must be attended
Wavelength
Distance
Fiber type
Protocol
Copper connection
Data rate
No telegram checking
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32. Serial media converter The Modular Fiber Optic System PSI-MOS1
Permanent monitoring of the fiber optic signal quality
Modular system design for maximum usability
Approved for the Process Industry
RS232 RS485 RS422
Only system worldwide with permanent monitoring of the fiber optic signal quality
POF HCS Glass
32 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

33. Serial media converter Modular and redundant concept
24 VDC
Data
Optimized channel configuration due to the modular concept
Automatic cross-wiring of data and power
VAC
Redundant power supply possible
Redundant power supply also possible with the use of system power supplies
User Benefits
Convenient and error-free installation
Increased network availability
33 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

34. Serial media converter Permanent monitoring
Evaluation of all fiber optic paths before system start-up (without PLC possible)
Pro active warning at critical fiber optic link level for maximum system availability - LED-Bargraph - Relay output
Reduced downtimes due to precise diagnostics
User Benefits
Evaluation of all fiber optic paths without expensive measuring equipment
Increased system availability due to pre-maintenance indication
34 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

35. Serial media converter Flexible network structure
All topologies possible
All technologies supported
Completely mixable for optimized installation performance
Star
Ring
P-to-P
Line
Tree
Polymer/HCS
HCS/Glass
660 nm
850 nm
Glass MM/SM
1300 nm
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36. Serial media converter Fiber meets copper
Combined station set-up with copper-repeater and fiber optic converter
Allows for each single-line the individual choice of medium
Individual network structures in copper and fiber optics
PSI-MOS meets PSI-REP

37. Ethernet media converter
Simple to use
Protocol transparent
No Software
Settings via dip-switch
What must be attended:
- Wavelength
- Distance
- Fiber type
- Real time application
Plug & Play
No telegram checking
37 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

38. Ethernet media converter Communication mode
Hard real time
Pass through
Latency time 700 ns
Cycle time ~ 1 ms
Non/Soft real time
Store and forward
Latency time 1,2µs
Cycle time ~ 10 ms
Profinet and Ethernet IP: soft real time 10 ms
EtherCAT, Sercos, Powerlink synchronize electrical drives
-TCP
38 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

39. Ethernet media converter FL MC 10/100BASE-T/FO-660
660 nm
Pass through
Permanent monitoring
Polymer, HCS, HCS-GI
Max. distance 300 m
Plug & Play
No telegram checking
39 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

40. Ethernet media converter FL MC EF 1300…
1300 nm
Store and forward
Glass multi- or Singlemode
Max. distance MM 10 km
Max. distance SM 36 km
Plug & Play
No telegram checking
40 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

41. Ethernet media converter FL MC 2000E…
1300 nm
Pass through
Rugged design
IEC 61850
100 Mbit/s, full duplex
Max. distance 40 km
Electric Utility Substation and power distribution
Rugged design for strong electromagnetic environment
41 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

42. Ethernet media converter FL MC 2000T…
1300 nm
Pass through / store and forward
Rugged design
10 / 100 Mbit/s
Half / full duplex
Max. distance 40 km
42 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

43. Ethernet Switch Un-/managed switches Settings via software
Several fo-ports possible
Integrated fo-ports or SFP
Plug & Play
No telegram checking
43 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

44. SFP-Module Small-Form-Pluggable
Hot swappable
FO and copper
Expensive
Differences
Wavelength
Distance
Data rate (up to 10 Gbit/s)
Plug & Play
No telegram checking
44 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

45. Ethernet media converter - 1300 nm Link management
LFP (Link Fault Pass-through)
FEF (Far End Fault)
VCC - Power
FEF - Far End Fault
Link - Link FX-Port
HD/FD - TP-Port
Link TP-Port
Media converter 1 2
LWL X
ETH X
ETH
FEF: The Ethernet communiation between the switch and media converter 1 is down. Media converter 2 do not receive any messages from media converter 1 anymore and send an error message to media converter 1, which switch on the FEF led.
45 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

46. Ethernet media converter - 1300 nm Link management
LFP (Link Fault Pass-through)
FEF (Far End Fault)
VCC - Power
FEF - Far End Fault
Link - Link FX-Port
HD/FD - TP-Port
Link TP-Port
Media converter 1 2 X
LWL X
ETH
ETH X
FEF: The fiber optic communiation from media converter 2 to media converter 1 is down. Media converter 1 recognize the loss at his incoming fiber optic port and and send an error message via the outgoing fiber optic port to media converter 2, which then switch on FEF led.
46 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

47. Ethernet media converter Application example
End device
Switch
Copper
Fiber
Copper
End device is disconnected or defect
Copper link is lost
Switch recognizes the lost link

48. Ethernet media converter Application example
End device
Switch
Fiber
Copper
End device is disconnected or defect
Copper link is lost
Switch recognizes the lost link

49. Ethernet media converter Application example
Switch #2
Endgerät
Switch #1
LWL
Kupfer
End device is disconnected or defect
Copper link is lost
Switch #2 fo-port is not switched of
Switch #1 no detection of link loss, only recognition by time-out

50. Ethernet media converter FL MC EF WDM
1300 nm nm
Single fiber
Store and forward
Glass multi- or Singlemode
Max. distance 38 km
Plug & Play
No telegram checking
50 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

51. Ethernet media converter FL MC EF WDM
Build up of new networks without installation of new cable!
Existing ETH/Fiber cable can use for 2 connections. Before 2 Fiber ( RX / TX ) and now 2 Fiber for 2 seperate WDM Connection
51 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

52. Ethernet media converter FL MC EF WDM
High speed Ethernet for
rotary transfer processes
rotating machine parts
wind turbines
via optical rotary joints
Rotary transfer machines (processes) – Rundtakt-Maschinen
Maschine in the picture: For centering a truck crankshaft
Addtional use cases:
Retrofitting,
Build up of new networks without installation of new cable!
Existing ETH/Fiber cable can use for 2 connections. Before 2 Fiber ( RX / TX ) and now 2 Fiber for 2 seperate WDM Connection
with 2 pairs of WDM Devices ( 2 WDM SET)
The datatransfer (Volume, Speed) is within a full duplex WDM connection up to 100% the same to a full duplex connection with 2 fiber.
Optical Rotary Joint / optical slip ring transmission
52 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date 52

53. / Bernd Rosenbaum / Neue Ethernet Medienkonverter / 22.03.2012
53 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date

54. Agenda Advantages of fiber optic technology Fibers and cables
Fiber optic connectors
End devices
Finding the right solution

55. Finding the right solution Overview
Distance
100 m
800 m
2800 m
4800 m
25 km
45 km
Fiber
POF
HCS/PCF
Glass
HCS-GI
Fiber Type MM SM
Wavelength
660 nm
850 nm
1300 nm
Costs 1
1.5 2
2.5
3...5
> 3...5
Comparison between different optical transmission technologies
The polymer optical-fiber is a multi-mode fiber. Compare to the other waveguide types it has the largest diameter. The core is surrounded by a relative thin cladding. With respect to its attenuation behavior the polymer fiber is designed for short transmission distances. It is operated at a wavelength of 660 nm. Due to its easy handling and trouble-free connector assembly, polymer fiber has been widely accepted for industrial short range applications.
The HCS (Hard Polymer Cladded Silica - Glass core, polymer cladding) is a multimode optical fiber with smaller diameter than the polymer fiber. It can be operated at 660 nm and 850 nm and features a significantly lower attenuation than the polymer fiber. In the past, however, connector assembly to HCS-fiber was much more complicated when compared to polymer fiber. This task has been significantly simplified by the RAPID-FOC connector from Phoenix Contact, so that the way has been paved for widespread application of this technology in the industrial area.
Due to their attenuation and dispersion characteristics multi-mode glass fiber are the first choice when long transmission distances and high data speeds are required. They are operated in the infrared at 850 nm. Connector assembly is rather demanding, however with some practice and the appropriate equipment it can be easily done.
Monomode glass fiber features extremely good transmission properties, however to the extremely demanding connector assembly technology, it has only gained negligible acceptance for industrial applications.
55 | Presentation | Name | Department | Date