1. Grade 1o Vocab Units 7-9
Adherent-Vitriolic
60 WORDS
Test ___________

2. Word: Adherent
Definition: follower, supporter Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: Jen is a strong adherent of organizations that advocate for social justice.

3. Word: Adulterate
Definition: to contaminate or make worse by adding a lesser material Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: The water supply had to be shut off when pesticide seeped into the reservoir and adulterated it. Hoping to make more money, the company adulterated the grade A meat with potato flour.

4. Word: Affectation
Definition: unnatural/fake behavior (usually to impress) Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: Whenever the boss walks by Terrence’s cubicle he takes on the affectation of working really hard while the rest of the time he slacks off. Maria was once popular until people realized her outgoing personality was really affectation.

5. Word: Animated
Definition: lively Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Quentin has a very animated personality; he’s always attentive and lively and interacts with his classmates in an engaging manner.

6. Word: Apprehensive
Definition: worried, anxious Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: All of the tests and assignments due at the end of the year make me apprehensive.

7. Word: Apocryphal
Definition: fictitious, of doubtful authenticity Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: I didn’t believe Greg’s apocryphal excuse for not doing his homework; it did not seem plausible, and he has a history of making up stories.

8. Word: Arbiter
Definition: one who decides, judge Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: A quality arbiter weights the evidence of both sides before coming to a final decision.

9. Word: Belie
Definition: to give a false impression; to contradict Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: On the day of the big event she planned, Jenna tried to appear calm, but her anxious behavior belied her attempts to appear calm.

10. Word: Benevolent
Definition: generous Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Carl is a very benevolent person; he always donates money to charity.

11. Word: Blithe
Definition: carefree, indifferent Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: The interviewers told Carrie she did not get the job because her answers were blithe and did not seem serious enough. Taylor’s blithe attitude was very different from her sister’s serious demeanor.

12. Word: Circumspect
Definition: cautious Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: The circumspect mother did not let her children go near the swimming pool unless both she and a lifeguard were watching them.

13. Word: Cliché
Definition: an overused saying/idea Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: The football coach always uses the cliché “practice makes perfect” to motivate the team to practice more. However, we’ve all heard it so many times it’s no longer effective.

14. Word: Cogent
Definition: powerfully convincing Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: The guest speaker made such a cogent argument about the importance of education reform that the whole audience had adopted her position at the end of the speech.

15. Countenance Definition: face Part of Speech: noun Sentence:
Based on her countenance, I knew Kelly was upset.
Seeing pictures of Herman and Watson brings a smile to anyone’s countenance

16. Covet Definition: to wish for something enviously Part of Speech: Verb
Sentences:
Sam covets Julia’s ability to get good grades without trying.

17. Word: Culinary Definition: relating to cooking or the kitchen
Part of Speech: adjective
Example Sentences:
Leslie decided to attend culinary school because she wants to be a chef.

18. Word: Discriminate
Definition: to distinguish between two or more things, to note the difference between Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: It is difficult to discriminate between the two identical twins.

19. Word: Disdain
Definition: scorn, disrespect Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: The teacher had a look of disdain on his face when he saw the student cheating.

20. Word: Disseminate
Definition: to spread/make widely known Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: The principal uses the loud speaker to disseminate information relevant to the school.

21. Word: Enthrall
Definition: to fascinate Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: Learning about nature in science class enthralled the young child who spent hours trying to learn more.

22. Word: Exonerate
Definition: to free from blame Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: The court verdict that James was innocent exonerated him from the accusation that he stole.

23. Word: Explicit
Definition: directly expressed Part of Speech: adj Example Sentence: The doctor gave me explicit orders not to eat any salty foods in order to lower my blood pressure.

24. Word: Exhaustive
Definition: thorough, complete Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: After an exhaustive search, my sister and I finally found our lost guinea pigs in a picnic basket in the garage.

25. Word: Heresy
Definition: a belief that goes against accepted ways Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: Galileo was tried for the heresy of suggesting that the sun did not revolve around the earth.

26. Word: Histrionic
Definition: overly dramatic Part of Speech: adj Example Sentence: Kathy’s histrionic complaining every time there is a test is irritating. The baby cried histrionically in order to get his mother’s attention.

27. Word: Hypothetical
Definition: uncertain, unproven Part of Speech: adj Example Sentence: There are several hypothetical solutions as to where the diamond ring went, but nobody knew for sure.

28. Word: Infinitesimal
Definition: very, very small Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Grains of sand are infinitesimal. Sadly, the chances of winning the lottery are infinitesimal, but I still play every week!

29. Word: Insidious
Definition: dangerous, harmful, sneaky Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Cancer is an insidious disease because it spreads quickly and harmfully.

30. Word: Instigate
Definition: to provoke/stir up Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: Jackie always instigates fights between her friends by bringing up problems and turning them against each other.

31. Word: Manifesto
Definition: declaration of beliefs Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: Karl Marx’s ideas were used to put together the Communist Manifesto, which detailed the main principles of communism.

32. Word: Matriculate
Definition: to enroll Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: I matriculated at Boston College after high school.

33. Word: Meager
Definition: lacking, inadequate Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: The meager amount rain led many plants to die of dehydration. Janice was shocked by the meager dinner portion she was given while on her diet.

34. Word: Mediate
Definition: to help settle differences Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: Brian tried to mediate the fight between his two friends to help them get over their differences.

35. Word: Officious
Definition: annoyingly eager to help Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Many times my neighbor’s officious advice is unsolicited.

36. Word: Orthodox
Definition: conventional (by the book), traditional, adhering to established principles Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Kayla has very orthodox beliefs. There is nothing shocking about any of them. Sometimes it is important to go against the orthodox way and make your own path.

37. Word: Painstaking
Definition: extremely careful Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Sara took painstaking efforts to complete her homework because she wanted to do it right. Doug’s painstaking work on the model took months but paid off when he won first place in the contest.

38. Word: Philanthropy
Definition: generous donation of money/time to good causes Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: Philanthropy is something that colleges look for in those applying to their institutions; make sure that you give your time and money to those less fortunate.

39. Word: Placate
Definition: to appease/soothe Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: The only way to placate the crying baby was to give her the pacifier.

40. Word: Plethora
Definition: excess Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: We ate a plethora of candy on Halloween and had no room for dinner.

41. Word: Protract
Definition: to prolong Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: The commencement speaker promised not to protract his remarks, but then he spoke for two solid hours. The professor gave such a long, drawn-out, protracted explanation of the book that people started to fall asleep.

42. Word: Provincial
Definition: narrow in thought (small-town/backwoods) Part of Speech: adj Example Sentence: The people on the isolated island have a very provincial view. They only think about issues that matter to their island.

43. Word: Provisional
Definition: temporary; lasting only a short time Part of Speech: adj Example Sentence: After the hurricane, officials made the provisional plan to house everyone in a shelter. First time drivers receive a provisional license for a year at which point they receive a regular license.

44. Word: Renounce
Definition: to give up/resign/ disown Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: The father renounced his child when he told him he dropped out of school. The mayor would not renounce his title even when a scandal regarding him unfolded. The mouse will never renounce his dream of getting the cheese.

45. Word: Replete
Definition: completely filled, well-supplied Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: The yacht was replete with a gourmet meal and plenty of beverages.

46. Word: Respite
Definition: period of rest or relief Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: After all of the papers and tests due last week, Jack needed a respite from schoolwork. I like to visit the Caribbean as a respite from the winter cold.

47. Word: Sordid
Definition: sleazy/dishonorable; involving dishonorable actions Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Some politicians, such as Eliot Spitzer and John Edwards, have sordid pasts that involve cheating scandals. She hoped her sordid secrets would not be told before she married the prince.

48. Word: Spurious
Definition: fake, false Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: The student’s spurious excuse that she didn’t do her homework because aliens abducted did not work.

49. Word: Static
Definition: unchanged Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Static characters are ones that do not change. Although Lenore wanted to get married soon, her relationship with Henry remained static; because of this, she thought about finding a new man who was also interested in settling down.

50. Word: Surreptitious
Definition: secretive Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: My brother and I used to be surreptitious and spy on our older sisters when they had people over. The private detective went on a surreptitious stake out that took all night.

51. Word: Tacit
Definition: understood/implied without being stated Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: It is a tacit fact that I have the cutest dogs; there is not need to say it.

52. Word: Tantamount
Definition: equivalent to, much the same as Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Wearing a Boston Red Sox shirt on the New York Subway would be tantamount to wearing a shirt saying, “please punch me in the face.”

53. Word: Terse
Definition: short, using no unnecessary words Part of Speech: adj Example Sentence: I knew she was mad at me by her terse, one-word responses to me.

54. Word: Transient
Definition: lasting for a short time Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: After moving several times, I was sick of my transient lifestyle and wanted to stay in the same house forever.

55. Word: Unconscionable
Definition: immoral, unprincipled, unforgivable Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Karen committed the unconscionable act of stabbing her best friend in the back and talking about her to other people.

56. Word: Vestige
Definition: remaining part of something; remnant; trace Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: After the building was knocked down, only vestiges of the old structure remained. Even after my grandfather’s passing, we constantly found vestiges of him that made us smile in remembrance.

57. Word: Vex
Definition: to annoy, to confuse Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: James’s job constantly vexes him, and his continuous aggravation puts him in a bad mood.

58. Word: Vicissitude
Definition: change, upheaval Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: The vicissitude of the stock market prevents some people from investing because they cannot take the uncertainty and pressure of watching stocks rise and fall.

59. Word: Vilify
Definition: to say negative Things; turn into a villain Part of Speech: verb Example Sentence: The media vilifies many celebrities by spreading bad rumors about them.

60. Word: Virtuoso
Definition: expert in music or other art form Part of Speech: noun Example Sentence: Francisco Goya was a Spanish virtuoso. His art collection culminated in his masterpiece The Third of May.

61. Word: Vitriolic
Definition: full of bitterness Part of Speech: adjective Example Sentence: Jack made a vitriolic toast at his sister’s wedding because he did not like the groom.