1. Analysis and modelling of landscape ecological changes due to dynamic surface movements caused by mining activities Christian Fischer, Heidrun Matejka, Wolfgang Busch Institute of Geotechnical Engineering and Mine Surveying Technical University of Clausthal, Germany

2. table of content o introduction to the project structure o mining impacts of the environment o hyperspectral EO-data o conceptual modelling o process-oriented 3D-Geo-Objects o object-oriented approach o subsidence and hydrological interactions o VR o conclusions and outlook

3. project part B 03 technical developments part A 01 DBMS system development part A 02 adaptive data classification Core GeoCore MoreTime

4. tntn t n+i 3D-deformation of geological strata 3D-surface movements underground mining

5. environmental effects Infrastructure: -high-density areas -supply grid - road network - changes of relief - changes of water- courses Topography / Hydrology: - changes of catchment areas Hydrogeology: Dynamics and changes of important hydrological and ecological parameter [Mauser 1998]

6. hyperspectral EO-data - land-cover with unknown distribution of statistical parameters, - consideration of topological dependencies in between different land-cover and land-use parcels, - change detection.

7. conventional point of view: Determination of affected areas based on calculated subsidence data and topographical data in 2.5-D. multitemporal GIS-based deduction of occurring changes with use of different technical software packages. visualiziation of areas of interest under consideration of: - mine surveying aspects, - legal demands and official regulations. new approach: conceptual modelling Discretization of the Geo-System into process-oriented Geo-Objects representated by 3D-Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (V-NURBS). description of Geo-System’s structure and of water flows between its compartments by means of object- oriented modeling concepts. analysis of geometric und thematic changes caused by land subsidence due to under- ground mining. parameterization and modeling of “subsidence - hydrological balance” interactions by means of fuzzy set theory. development of subsidence scenarios and simulation of the resulting impacts on the hydrological balance.

8. analysis complex analysis of the study area - geology - morphology - hydrology - soil types - land-cover, -use mining influences: - mining operations - movements - chronological process hyperspectral EO-data - land-use - land-cover - thematic attributes - change detection modelling synthesis fuzzy sets functional dependencies dynamic simulation visualization prognosis: ecological effects analyses of process under consideration of time and scale process-oriented 3D-Geo-Objects

9. process-oriented 3D-Geo-Objects Geo- Object topography + drainage system soil + vegetation geo-hydrology representing sub-areas of similar hydrological behaviour

10. process-oriented 3D-Geo-Objects α ε α: slope ε: exposition k f : unsaturated fluxes k s : saturated fluxes Θ s : water content Θ i : water content / strata q i : exchange / strata propertiesparametersboundary conditions GWS movements lateral water flow ground-water isobars k f, k s, Θ s k=f(k f, k s, Θ s ) k f, k s, Θ s k=f(k f, k s, Θ s ) ΘiΘi ΘiΘi ΘiΘi evaporation infiltration capillary rise ground-water recharfe rate qiqi qiqi qiqi

11. Object-oriented approach - 3D/4D modelling under consideration of ISO standard “spatial scheme” and “temporal scheme”, - UML as object-oriented modelling technique, - ObjectStore as an object-oriented DBMS.

12. fuzzy-logic based modelling approach to represent imprecise and uncertain information by linguistic variables and fuzzy sets, incorporate expert and prior knowledge on the Geo-System’s behaviour, approximate “subsidence - hydrological balance” interactions by a fuzzy-rule based system. Subsidence and hydrological interactions

13. Virtual Reality Examination of consistency and plausibility of generated 3D-Geo-Objects, Verification of the derived functional dependencies and interactive derivative of missing parameters, Representation of different versions and visualization of simulations.

14. This project is part of an interdisciplinary research project, “Development and application of geoinformation to analyse impacts, predictions and management of anthropogenic influenced processes in geosystems“ carried out together with the Institute of Computer Science of the University of Hamburg and is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG).