1. SMOKING AND USING TOBACCO

2. Who Uses Tobacco and Why?
~42 million Americans currently smoke
2013- over 1 million yr. olds are current smokers
38% of yr olds smoke
21.5 % of men and 16.5% of women smoked in 2013
Nicotine addiction
Nicotine: powerful psychoactive drug
The most physically addictive of all psychoactive drugs
Reaches the brain via the bloodstream in seconds
Loss of control
Tolerance and withdrawal

3. Social and Psychological Factors
Established habits or cues trigger urge to smoke
Why start in the first place?
Risk Factors:
Smoking Parent or Sibling
Peers Smoke
Blue Collar Family
Low Income
Single Parent
Poor School Performance
Dropped out of School
Positive Attitude About Tobacco Use

4. Social and Psychological Factors
Nearly 90 percent of all adult smokers started before age 18
Average age for starting smokers & smokeless
tobacco users is 15
Rationalizing the dangers

5. Health Hazards
Smoke
Condensed particles in the cigarette produce a sticky, brown mass called cigarette tar causing emphysema & COPD
Contains carcinogens
Nicotine:
Impacts cardiovascular health

6. Carcinogens and Poisons
At least 43 chemicals in cigarette smoke are linked to development of cancer
Carcinogens directly cause cancer
Co-carcinogens combine with other chemicals to cause cancer
Poisonous substances-Nicotine 60 mg ingested
would kill you. Avg. cigar contains about 120 mg.
Carbon monoxide
Displaces oxygen in red blood cells
Additives
additional chemicals

7. Nicotine
A powerful central nervous system stimulant.
Increases respiration
Increases Heart Rate
Constricts Blood Vessels leading to increased risk of CV disease and stroke.

8. “Reduced Harm” Cigarettes
As of June 2010, federal law prohibited the use of terms such as “light” and “mild” or “low” on packaging
Low-tar, low-nicotine, or filtered cigarettes
No such thing as a safe cigarette
Often smoke more
Inhale up to 8 times as much tar and
nicotine as printed on the label
Less likely to quit

9. Menthol Cigarettes
70 percent of African American smokers smoke menthol cigarettes
African Americans absorb more nicotine and metabolize it slower than other groups
Anesthetizing effect of menthol means smokers inhale more deeply and hold smoke longer in the lungs

10. The Immediate Effects of Smoking
Acts on the brain either by exciting or tranquilizing the nervous system
Inhibits formation of urine
Constricts blood vessels
Accelerates heart rate
Elevates blood pressure
Depresses hunger contractions
Dulls taste buds

11. The Long-Term Effects of Smoking
Cardiovascular Disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Atherosclerosis —plaque build up
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Aortic aneurysm
Lung cancer and other cancers
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis

12. Cumulative Effects
Males who smoke before age 15 and continue to smoke are half as likely to live to 75 versus those who did not smoke
Smokers spend one-third more time away from their jobs because of illness than nonsmokers
Both men and women show a greater rate of acute and chronic diseases

13. Other Forms of Tobacco Use
Spit (smokeless) tobacco (website photos)
More than 8.1 million adults
9 percent of all high school students
Cigar and pipes
Popularity highest among white males ages 18–44 with higher-than-average income and education
Women smoking cigars in record numbers
Clove cigarettes and bidis
Twice the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide
E-Cigarettes
Battery powered device that resembles a real cigarette
Has a changeable filter that contains one or more chemicals

14. The Effects of Smoking on the Nonsmoker
Environmental Tobacco smoke (ETS)
EPA designated ETS as a Class A carcinogen
Surgeon General has concluded that there is no safe level of exposure to ETS

15. Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Mainstream smoke
Smoke exhaled by smokers
Sidestream smoke
Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe
85 percent of smoke in a room comes from sidestream smoke
Twice the tar and nicotine; three times the benzo(a)pyrene, carbon monoxide, and ammonia
Cigar smoke contains up to 30 times more carbon dioxide

16. ETS Effects
Develop cough, headaches, nasal discomfort, eye irritation, breathlessness, and sinus problems
Allergies will be exacerbated
Causes 4,000 deaths due to lung cancer
Contributes to about 46,000 heart disease deaths each year
Nonsmokers can be affected by effects of ETS hours after they leave a smoky environment
Carbon monoxide lingers in bloodstream five hours later

17. Infants, Children, and ETS
Children exposed to ETS are more likely to have
SIDS
Low-birth weight
Bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma
Reduced lung function
Middle-ear infections
Lung cancer, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis later in life

18. Smoking and Pregnancy Doubles risk of miscarriage
Increases risk of ectopic pregnancy, premature birth, low birth weight, infant death, behavioral problems, and long term impairments in growth and intellectual development

19. How a Tobacco User Can Quit
Benefits of quitting
Options for quitting
“Cold-turkey”
Tapering
Changes to routines
Over-the-counter prescription products
Support from family and friends
Smoking cessation programs
Free telephone quit-lines
1-800-QUITNOW