1. Thursday, Jan. 2nd

2. Reviewing Literary Devices &Introducing TPCASTT
Taking a closer look at poetry

3. When you analyze poetry, ONE of things you have to be able to do is to identify literary techniques:
These are terms you should already know.
What follows is a REVIEW of the terms/techniques.
All techniques will be tested on the final.
If there are any you DO NOT KNOW, COPY the definition.

4. TERMS Simile Metaphor A comparison using “like” or “as”:
Her smile was like the sun.
A comparison using “is” or another form of the “be” verb:
The door of the tomb is a mouth with teeth to grind your bones.

5. TERMS Personification Alliteration Repetition of a consonant sound:
Giving something not human humanlike qualities:
The blanket wrapped me in a warm hug.
Repetition of a consonant sound:
Sally sells seashells down by the seashore.

6. TERMS Stanzas End-Rhyme scheme
Groupings of lines of poetry – often the same throughout the poem
When the last word in each line rhymes with the last word in another line, a pattern is formed
abab cdcd efef

7. TERMS Oxymoron Hyperbole
Two words or ideas side-by-side which contradict eachother:
“Jumbo shrimp”
“Cruel kindness”
An exaggeration
He was so hungry he could eat a horse.

8. TERMS Allusion Imagery
When a the author makes a reference to a literary, artistic or historical work or event
The teenager sighed in relief as she stepped through her front door after school and muttered, “There’s no place like home.”
When an author uses words to help create an image in the reader’s mind
In the darkening room, a flickering and sputtering candle gave the only feeble glow of light.

9. TERMS
-First and last
-odds and ends
-short and sweet
-a stroke of luck
-struts and frets
(Laurence Perrine, Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, Harcourt, 1978)
"He was soon borne away by the waves, and lost in darkness and distance." -Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, 1818
Repetition
"It rained on his lousy tombstone, and it rained on the grass on his stomach. It rained all over the place.“
(Holden Caulfield in J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye, 1951)
ANAPHORA: repeating one particular word for emphasis/effect
CONSONANCE: the repetition of CONSONANT sounds, esp. at the ends of lines
ASSONANCE: the repetition of VOWEL sounds in words close to each other

10. What is TPCASTT? … a strategy used to analyze poetry  T=Title
P=Paraphrase
C=Connotation
A=Attitude
S=Shift
T=Title (revisited)
T=Theme

11. Practice Makes Perfect
Going over the explanation and example sheet
TPCASTTing a poem as a class

12. TITLE p. 369 “Concord Hymn” by Emerson
What information can be gleaned from the title, prior to actually reading the poem?
Concord -- a place? a grape?
Hymn -- a song
TITLE = This poem may be a “song” about a place called “Concord...” or about a grape 

13. Paraphrase
Put each line of the poem into your own words --NOT summarizing:
Ex.: Near a roughly made bridge over a
raging river
Their flag was flapping in an April
breeze
Farmers once stood here and fought
Firing and starting a battle people all over
the world eventually heard about

14. Connotation
Identify literary techniques which are imbedded in the poem:
Rhyme scheme [abab cdcd efef ghgh ]
-- gives poem its “song” feeling
Alliteration [ flood, flag, unfurled, farmers, fired ]
-- emphasizes a key idea in each stanza --symbolic flag in first, TIME in the second…?]

15. Attitude
Identify the speaker’s tone: Reverent – “hymn” “Spirit, that made ….” Respectful – “We set today a votive stone” Thoughtful /quiet-- ???

16. Shift
Identify where in the poem a shift occurs and what the reason for that shift may be:
Location: Line 10 – “We set today a votive stone;”
Key word -- We – first time the reader is included and “present” at whatever is happening. The rest references a conflict in the past.

17. Title - revisited “Concord Hymn” by Emerson
What MORE can be gleaned from the title, now that the poem has been read?
The occasion being memorialized with a stone in the poem is a battle which occurred at a place called “Concord”: the poem honors all who died there, regardless of which side they were on in the battle.

18. Theme
Craft a theme that best fits the poem: Time, which has forgotten the specific men who fought, will “spare” the monument and leave it standing in tribute to the spirit which moved men on both sides to fight for what they believed in.

19. Practice #1:
Read aloud the biography on p. 248: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
“The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,” pp
TPCASTT

20. Your Task: Complete the TPCASTT guide for “The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls”

21. End TPCASTT, for now.

22. Analysis of Practice #1 TITLE? About the sea..the motion of the sea?
PARAPHRASED EXAMPLES FROM YOU:
CONNOTATIONS:
Rhyme scheme: aabba
aacca
aadda
repetition / anaphora, imagery , meter to mimic the wave movement
SHIFT?
Line #11 “The morning…” since rest of poem is in almost dark to darkness/ night time
TITLE REVISITED?
Yup! It’s about the sea!
THEME?
The sea is timeless / eternal ebbing and flowing regardless of what happens around it

23. Poetry
Friday , January 3rd

24. Read aloud the biography on p. 256: Oliver Wendell Holmes
Practice #2:
Read aloud the biography on p. 256: Oliver Wendell Holmes

26. Background on the USS Constitution : an American Warship
Ordered built by Pres. George Washington and completed in 1797
44-gun warship
First won fame in a battle won against pirates!
Best known for its ability to out -manuver and the Marines’ defeat the British Navy in the Battle of 1812
He wanted to avoid tearing the ship up for scrap metal
With your partner, read “Old Ironsides,” pp , now.
TPCASTT it! You have minutes  USE ONLY ONE SHEET – WORK TOGETHER…

27. With a partner you will complete TWO TPCASTTs:
PRACTICE #2: Oliver Wendell Holmes
You will need:
2 text books
1 TPCASTT form
Something for each of you to write with
We will read the bio on him aloud first as a whole class
You will then have approx. 20 minutes to TPCASTT his poem 
Discussion as whole class when you are done

28. PRACTICE #3: James Russell Lowell
On to the next practice!
PRACTICE #3: James Russell Lowell
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was known as a _______ poet by Americans.
So were Oliver Wendell Holmes and James Russell Lowell.
We will read the bio on him aloud first as a whole class
You will then have approx. 15 minutes to TPCASTT his poem 
Discussion as whole class when you are done

30. Practice #3:
Partners: Read the biography on p. 256: James Russell Lowell FIRST.
“The First Snowfall,” pp
TPCASTT

31. Monday, January 14

32. Discussing “Old Ironsides”
“Old Ironsides,” pp

33. Complete Friday’s Poem TPCASTT
Today:
Finish Friday’s
work
Take a partner
quiz
Move on to Transcendentalism
“The First Snowfall,” pp
Paraphrase one stanza and locate “3” literary devices for “C-Connotation”

34. Discussing “The First snowfall”
“The First Snowfall,” pp

35. Partner Practice Quiz:
You will need two text books, one TPCASTT form and something to write with 

36.
“The Raven”

37. TPCASTT QUIZ with your partner:
Pre-read: Poe’s bio on p. 294
Poem : “The Raven,”
by Edgar Allan Poe p
“P-Paraphrase” one stanza
“C-Connotation” locate 3 items
When you are done, please put in the tray.
COMPLETE THIS- 15 MIN. MAX

38. Begin Transcendentalism
See other PowerPoint