1. Transition to an Anglo California
Anglos in Pre-American CA 1820s-1840s
Mexican-American War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848
California State Constitutional Convention 1850
Californios Lose their Status
Indians in Anglo CA

2. Anglos in Pre-American CA
American Ideology
Abel Sterns
John Sutter

3. Abel Stearns

4. John Sutter

5. Sutter’s Fort

6. Mexican-American War From ‘Getting Along’ to Conquest, Racism
Early U.S. Interest in CA
Anxiety about Mexico’s size
Manifest Destiny
Bear Flag Revolt
John C. Fremont vs General Vallejo
Osos
CA iconography and lore: Bear Flag Republic
War
Californio ambivalence
Even Anglo ambivalence

7. John Fremont

8. General Vallejo

10. The Bear Flag

11. War’s End Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1848
amicable
CA State Constitutional Convention
1850, Monterey
Bilingual
Who received protection? Who did not?

12. Selected Articles from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848
Art VIII – Mexicans now established in territories previously belonging to Mexico, and which remain, for the future, within the limits of the United States, as defined by the present treaty, shall be free to continue where they now reside, or to remove, at any time, to the Mexican republic, retaining the property which they possess in the said territories, or disposing thereof, and removing the proceeds wherever they please, without their being subjected, on this account, to any contribution, or tax, or charge, whatever.
Those who shall prefer to remain in said territories, may either retain the title and rights of Mexican citizens, or acquire those of citizens of the United States. But they shall be under the obligation to make their selection within one year from the date of exchange of ratifications of this treaty…
In the said territories, property of every kind, now belonging to Mexicans not established there, shall be inviolably respected.

13. Californios: From Friendship to Racism
Growing Racist Ideology
Who was ‘white’?
Greasers—social demotion
Drought of 1850
Overgrazing
Lack of access to water
Land Law of 1851
60-65% of Californio lands eradicated

14. Indians in Anglo CA: 1850: An Act for Government & Protection of Indians
When an Indian is convicted of an offence before a Justice of the Peace, punishable by fine, any white man may…give bond for said Indian, conditioned for the payment of said fine and costs, and in such case the Indian shall be compelled to work for the person…until he has discharged or cancelled the fine assessed against him
Any Indian able to work and support himself in some honest calling, not having wherewithal to maintain himself, who shall be found loitering and strolling about, or frequenting public places where liquors are sold, begging, or leading an immoral or profligate course of life, shall be liable to be arrested…to hire out such vagrant within twenty-four hours to the highest bidder…