1. APTA Bus Maintenance Webinar Series “Remote Diagnostics”
John Carney, General Manager, CMTM
Worcester Regional Transit Authority

2. Worcester Regional Transit Authority
The WRTA is responsible for the provision of public transit services to thirty-five (35) communities within the Worcester County region, and is funded with federal, state and local monies, as well as fare box revenue. WRTA was created pursuant to Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 161B, in August 1974.
CMTM, a division of First Group, is WRTA’s current Contractor for fixed-route service and demand response paratransit service management Services.
The WRTA is the second largest RTA in Massachusetts serving the second largest city in New England

3. WRTA Fleet Composition
Active Fleet – 46 buses
Qty RTS
Qty RTS
Qty RTS
Qty Gillig
Qty Gillig (4 diesel/electric hybrid)
Qty Gillig (3 diesel/electric hybrid)
Future Fleet Additions/Replacements
6 Additions - Spring Proterra (fast charge electric)
Fleet Expands to 52 Buses
15 Replacements - Fall Gillig (10 diesel/electric hybrid)

4. Intelligent Transportation System
$3.9m ARRA Funded
TranSystems – Procurement and Implementation Consultant
Clever Devices – Prime Contractor
Improve Operational Efficiency, Cost-Effectiveness, Security, Marketing and Customer Satisfaction through System-wide Technical Enhancements
Major Goals Included:
Increase the availability of transit information to its customers
Improve dispatching, operational efficiency and cost effectiveness
Increase driver and passenger safety and security
Improve Maintenance Efficiency Using Smart Technologies

5. The WRTA’s Solicitation Included
One Vendor and Total System Integration
Giro HASTUS/Stratengen & Adept/Route Match Integration
CAD/AVL Fixed Route Integrated with Demand Response ADA VANS
Arrival Prediction System “Real Time Information”
Automated Vehicle Stop Announcements
Next Bus Wayside Arrival “Real Time”
Interactive Voice Recognition IVR
Web Based Bus Tracker System Voice/Text/QR Codes
One Point Operator Log On
Automated Passenger Counting APC
Traffic Signal Priority TSP
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol Data and Voice Communications
AVM Automated Vehicle Monitoring System
Data archival, management and reporting system

6. “Improving Maintenance Efficiency Using
Maintenance Features
“Improving Maintenance Efficiency Using
Smart Technologies”
IVN Intelligent Vehicle Network
AVM Automated Vehicle Monitoring
Location stamping of faults
Intelligent Work Order Integration
Integrate with Turley RTA Maintenance System
Automated Work Orders
Paperless Shop
Vehicle Availability Reporting
Integrated Gas Boy Fuel and Fluids Reporting
Bus in the Box

7. Complete ITS Solution Integrated & Modular IVN® BusTime™ CleverCAD™
Automatic Voice
Annunciation
Automatic Vehicle
Monitoring
Automatic Passenger
Counting
BusTime™
IVN®

8. AVM - Automatic Vehicle Monitoring
AVM is a decision support system that provides simple, accurate, and timely vehicle performance information
AVM monitors and collects faults and operational performance data from on-board systems
Automated wireless transfer of information to maintenance and operational personnel

9. AVM – Vehicle Health and Performance

10. WRTA/CMTM Lessons Learned
J1708/J1939 Compatible
SafetyVision 18 DVR’s $67,000
Gateways
I/O Controls $7,100
ThermoKing $ 13,800
Twin Vision Smart Series $57,960
Software/Firmware Updates
Ron Turley RTA
Data Storage Memory $200,000
Cellular Rates vs. Conventional Radio
Hand Held Radio
New Bus Specification Consideration

11. Vehicle Health Monitoring
Number of Monitored Faults & Performance Measures
Monitored Sub-Components
Gillig (J1939)
RTS (J1708)
I/O Controls
150 -
WABCO ABS
1,601
1,518
Cummins Engine
5,242
Detroit Diesel
531
Safety Vision Cameras 75
249
Allison Transmission
105
Thermoking
184
Vanner Battery Equalizer
1,388
Hybrid Drive 37
Total Fault & Performance Measures
8,782
2,298
Of Which 54 Faults have been deemed Critical by the CMTM Maintenance Team

12. Vehicle Health Monitoring Year 1
The Most Critical 54 Faults as identified by the CMTM Maintenance Team
Total Component Faults Monitored 3,090
ABS 51
Battery Equalizer 1,388
Climate Control 102
Engine 1,436
Hybrid Drive 8
Transmission 105

13. AVM is like having a diagnostic laptop
connected to every bus around the clock

14. Clever Devices Supported Systems
Engine
Cummins
Detroit Diesel
John Deere
Caterpillar
Navistar
Transmission/Propulsion ZF
BAE
Allison
Voith
ABS
Wabco
Bendix
Multiplex
IO Controls
Vansco
Volvo
Actia
Allen Bradley
Siemens
Brake Wear Monitoring
Geoguidance Brake Insight
MGM Brakes E-Stroke
Cooling Fans
EMP
Articulated Joint
Hubner
Door System
Vapor
Volvo
Air Conditioning
ThermoKing
Carrier
DPF
ESW
Supplemental Heaters
ProHeat
Webasto
Spheros
Tire Monitoring
SmarTire TPMS
Battery Equalizer
Vanner
Camera
Safety Vision
March Networks
GE Mobile View Quattro
Apollo
Dedicated Micros

15. The benefits of AVM are felt throughout WRTA’s entire organization
New Vehicle Purchases
Warranty
Maintenance
Legal

16. New Vehicle Purchases
Empower our Bus Inspectors at Factory Acceptance Testing
Identify Issues Before Bus Delivery (New Gillig and Proterra Buses)
Make Data-Based Purchasing Decisions and Purchase the Highest “Value” Bus
Minimize Risk During Bus Acceptance
Implement More Detailed Acceptance Criteria
Opportunity to Negotiate Longer Warranties by Sharing Data

17. Warranty Increase Warranty Recovery Claims
Automatically Identify Fleet Defects
Automate Warranty Service Requests
Reduce Parts and Labor Reimbursements
Reduce Overtime Due to Warranty Work
Measure and Manage with actual data
Make Informed Warranty Claim decisions

18. Maintenance
Helps Reduce Bus Breakdowns in Service increasing MDBF/MTBF
Gives mechanics a single source of diagnostic information – reducing task time
Helps Eliminate Preventable Failures
Integration into our MMIS – Helps Automate the Work Flow Process
Reduce Overtime/Lower Parts Inventory
Lower Cost Per Mile

19. Legal Secure Encrypted Event Files for Court
Helps Identify Hard Brake Events
Records Last Stop Events for Low MPH Accidents
Precisely and Objectively Measures Events
Deal in Facts
Reduces Fictitious Injury Claims & Bogus Lawsuits
Helps Settle Legitimate Claims for our Customers

20. Forensic Investigations
19 Data Points Reported on Every Last Stop Event (Bus reaches 0 MPH)
Start Lifetime Odometer
Trigger Lifetime Odometer
End Lifetime Odometer
Average Acceleration
Peak Acceleration
Peak Speed
Total Distance
Date / Time
Event Duration
Vehicle Speed MPH
Engine Speed (RPM)
Engine Load (%)
Brake Applied (Yes/No)
ABS Active (Yes/No)
Throttle Position (%)
Distance
Time Zone
Daylight Savings Time
ACTM (Alternating Current Traction Motor) Torque Commanded (Hybrid Application)

21. Forensic Investigations
Composite Data Chart

22. Forensic Investigations
Vehicle Speed Chart

23. Forensic Investigations
Distance Traveled Chart

24. Forensic Investigations
Composite Data Chart
11:36:23.78 No Brake or
ABS 24 MPH
11:36:25.84 Brake & ABS
Applied 19.2 MPH
11:36:27.83 Brake & ABS
Applied .8 MPH

25. Forensic Investigations
Left Hand Turn Incident at WRTA
12 MPH On Impact
8 MPH After Applying Brake
8:53:20 14 mph
8:53:21 12 mph
8:53:22 8 mph

26. Questions

27. Presentation Notes
54 Critical Events that Worcester Mechanics Chose to Be Notified Of 1
J1939 (SA
Cummins
CM2150
143
Engine Oil Rifle Pressure - Data Valid but Below Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. Engine oil pressure signal indicates engine oil pressure is below the engine protection warning limit. 2
146
Engine Coolant Temperature - Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. Engine coolant temperature is above engine protection warning limit. 3
155
Intake Manifold 1 Temperature - Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Most Severe Level. Intake manifold air temperature signal indicates intake manifold air temperature above engine protection critical limit. 4
197
Coolant Level - Data Valid but Below Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. Low engine coolant level detected. 5
214
Engine Oil Temp 6
234
Engine Crankshaft Speed/Position - Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Most Severe Level. Engine speed signal indicates engine speed above engine protection limit. 7
322
Injector Solenoid Driver Cylinder 1 Circuit - Current Below Normal, or Open Circuit. Current detected at injector Number 1 when the voltage is turned off. 8
323
Injector Solenoid Driver Cylinder 5 Circuit - Current Below Normal, or Open Circuit. Current detected at injector Number 5 when the voltage is turned off. 9
324
Injector Solenoid Driver Cylinder 3 Circuit - Current Below Normal, or Open Circuit. Current detected at injector Number 3 when the voltage is turned off. 10
325
Injector Solenoid Driver Cylinder 6 Circuit - Current Below Normal, or Open Circuit. Current detected at injector Number 6 when the voltage is turned off.

28. Presentation Notes
54 Critical Events that Worcester Mechanics Chose to Be Notified Of 11
J1939 (SA
Cummins
CM2150
331
Injector Solenoid Driver Cylinder 2 Circuit - Current Below Normal, or Open Circuit. Current detected at injector Number 2 when the voltage is turned off. 12
332
Injector Solenoid Driver Cylinder 4 Circuit - Current Below Normal, or Open Circuit. Current detected at injector Number 4 when the voltage is turned off. 13
418
Water in Fuel Indicator - Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Least Severe Level. Water has been detected in the fuel filter. 14
435
Engine Oil Rifle Pressure - Data Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect. The engine oil pressure sensor is reading an erratic value at initial key-on. 15
471
Engine Oil Level -Data Valid but Below Normal Operational Range - Least Severe Level. Low oil level has been detected by the oil level sensor. 16
555
Crankcase Pressure -Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. The crankcase breather filter requires maintenance. 17
596
Electrical Charging System Voltage -Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. High battery voltage detected by the battery voltage monitor feature. 18
597
Electrical Charging System Voltage -Data Valid but Below Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. Low battery voltage detected by the battery voltage monitor feature. 19
687
Turbocharger 1 Speed - Data Valid but Below Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. Low turbocharger speed detected by the ECM. 20
1866
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve Delta Pressure - Data Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect. An error in the EGR delta pressure signal was detected at initial key-on or the sensor failed the autozero test.

29. Presentation Notes
54 Critical Events that Worcester Mechanics Chose to Be Notified Of 21
J1939 (SA
Cummins
CM2150
1896
EGR Valve Controller - Out of Calibration. The EGR valve has failed the automatic calibration procedure at initial key-on. 22
1921
Aftertreatment Particulate Filter Differential Pressure - Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. The soot load of the aftertreatment diesel particulate filter has exceeded the recommended limits. 23
1942
Crankcase Pressure -Data Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect. The ECM has detected that the crankcase pressure signal is not changing with engine operating conditions. 24
2346
Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Temperature (Calculated) - Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Least Severe Level. Turbocharger turbine inlet temperature has exceeded the engine protection limit. 25
2357
EGR Valve Control Circuit - Mechanical System Not Responding Properly or Out of Adjustment. The EGR motor has exceeded the duty cycle limit indicating a stuck open EGR valve. 26
2387
VGT Actuator Driver Circuit (Motor) - Mechanical System Not Responding Properly or Out of Adjustment. The smart VGT controller has detected incorrect stop limits or the VGT is unable to move to the closed position. 27
2448
Coolant Level - Data Valid but Below Normal Operational Range - Least Severe Level. Low engine coolant level detected. 28
2449
VGT Actuator Controller - Out of Calibration. The VGT has failed the automatic calibration procedure at initial key-on. VGT will be in the open position. 29
2554
Exhaust Gas Pressure - Data Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect. The exhaust gas pressure sensor is reading an erratic value at initial key-on. 30
2636
VGT Actuator Driver Circuit - Abnormal Update Rate. No communications on the J1939 datalink between the engine ECM and the smart VGT controller.

30. Presentation Notes
54 Critical Events that Worcester Mechanics Chose to Be Notified Of 31
J1939 (SA
Cummins
CM2150
2637
Catalyst Face Plugged - Root Cause Not Known. The front face of the aftertreatment diesel oxidation catalyst has been detected to be plugged with soot. 32
2754
Engine Particulate Trap Inlet Pressure - Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. Excessive black smoke has been detected exiting the engine and entering the aftertreatment diesel particulate filter. 33
Vanner
70 Series
EQFLT
Equalizer Fault 34
IMB
Voltage Imbalance Fault 35
OVF
Over Voltage Fault 36
UVF
Under Voltage Fault 37
J1708
Detroit
DDEC-IV 41
Too many SRS (missing TRS) 38 42
Too few SRS (missing SRS) 39 43
Coolant Level Low 40 44
Coolant Temperature High
Oil Temperature High 45
Oil Pressure Low 54
Vehicle Speed Sensor Fault 55
J1939 Data Link Fault 61
Injector 1 Response Time Long 46
Injector 2 Response Time Long 47
Injector 3 Response Time Long 48
Injector 4 Response Time Long 49 71
Injector 1 Response Time Short 50
Injector 2 Response Time Short 51
Injector 3 Response Time Short 52
Injector 4 Response Time Short 53 75
ECM Battery Voltage High 84
Oil Level Low 31
J1939 (SA
Cummins
CM2150
2637
Catalyst Face Plugged - Root Cause Not Known. The front face of the aftertreatment diesel oxidation catalyst has been detected to be plugged with soot. 32
2754
Engine Particulate Trap Inlet Pressure - Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. Excessive black smoke has been detected exiting the engine and entering the aftertreatment diesel particulate filter. 33
Vanner
70 Series
EQFLT
Equalizer Fault 34
IMB
Voltage Imbalance Fault 35
OVF
Over Voltage Fault 36
UVF
Under Voltage Fault 37
J1708
Detroit
DDEC-IV 41
Too many SRS (missing TRS) 38 42
Too few SRS (missing SRS) 39 43
Coolant Level Low 40 44
Coolant Temperature High
Oil Temperature High 45
Oil Pressure Low 54
Vehicle Speed Sensor Fault 55
J1939 Data Link Fault 61
Injector 1 Response Time Long 46
Injector 2 Response Time Long 47
Injector 3 Response Time Long 48
Injector 4 Response Time Long 49 71
Injector 1 Response Time Short 50
Injector 2 Response Time Short 51
Injector 3 Response Time Short 52
Injector 4 Response Time Short 53 75
ECM Battery Voltage High 84
Oil Level Low