1. HISTORICAL CHANGES IN THE CONCEPT OF CHILDHOOD
PHILIPPE ARIES
(1962)

2. BEFORE 1600
A CHILD OF 5 BELONGED TO THE ADULT WORLD OF WORK, LEISURE AND SEX
ARIES USED EVIDENCE FROM PAINTINGS

3. 1700-1800 CHILDREN STILL SEEN AS AN ECONOMIC ASSET
INDUSTRIALISATION NEEDED THEIR SKILLS
TREATED WITH LITTLE OR NO AFFECTION

4. 1800-1900 CHILDRENS ECONOMIC ROLE LESS
RESTRICTIONS PLACED ON CHILD LABOUR
COMPULSORY SCHOOLING FOR MIDDLE CLASSES

5.
MIDDLE CLASS CHILDREN SEEN AS INNOCENTS AND NEEDED PROTECTING
WORKING CLASS CHILDREN SEEN AS CORRUPT AND WICKED AND NEEDED TO BE CONTROLLED

6.
CHILDREN BECAME ECONOMICALLY WORTHLESS BUT EMOTIONALLY PRICELESS
CHILD CENTERED SOCIETY EMERGED
REALITIES OF LIFE WERE HIDDEN FROM CHILDREN

7. 1950-PRESENT CHILDREN HAVE GROWING AWARENESS OF THEIR RIGHTS
MORE ACTIVE IN FAMILY LIFE
SEEN AS AN ECONOMIC FORCE
‘PESTER POWER’

8. Criticisms Ignores brutality in pre-industrial times.
Does not look at child abuse issue.
Used paintings (reliable?).
Pollack looked at diaries 16th -20th century and found childhood did exist.