1. Emergency Department Utilization After the Implementation of Massachusetts Health Reform 
Peter B. Smulowitz, MD, MPH, Robert Lipton, PhD, J. Frank Wharam, MB, MPH, Leon Adelman, MD, Scott G. Weiner, MD, MPH, Laura Burke, MD, Christopher W. Baugh, MD, MBA, Jeremiah D. Schuur, MD, MHS, Shan W. Liu, MD, MPH, Meghan E. McGrath, MD, Bella Liu, BA, Assaad Sayah, MD, Mary C. Burke, MD, MHA, J. Hector Pope, MD, Bruce E. Landon, MD, MBA 
Annals of Emergency Medicine 
Volume 58, Issue 3, Pages e1 (September 2011)
DOI: /j.annemergmed
Copyright © 2010 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 Timeline of Massachusetts health reform and study periods.
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Copyright © 2010 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Billings ED classification and Ballard severity classification. Billings Algorithm used with permission of the Commonwealth Fund.
Annals of Emergency Medicine  , e1DOI: ( /j.annemergmed )
Copyright © 2010 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3 Overall ED visit volume.
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Copyright © 2010 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4 Low severity ED visit volume.
Annals of Emergency Medicine  , e1DOI: ( /j.annemergmed )
Copyright © 2010 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions