1. 3.1 Network Basic 3.1.1 Basic Concept of Network
Chapter Three
3.1 Network Basic
3.1.1 Basic Concept of Network
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
Explain the concept of network
Kolej Matrikulasi Kelantan 2017/18

2. What to cover? Definition of network Communication device
Transmission media
Advantages and disadvantages of network

3. What is a network?
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media.
Pages 452

4. Pages 454

5. Communication Devices
A communications device is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device. Example: Hub, switch, modem, router, repeater, access point, network interface card (NIC).
Broadband media transmit multiple signals simultaneously.

7. Transmission Media
Transmission media can be defined simply as the means by which signals (data) are sent from one computer to another (either by cable or wireless means).
Transmission media consist of materials or substances capable of carrying one or more signals.
Transmission media also refer to a communications channel, on which the data, instructions, or information travel.

8. Types of Transmission Media
Wired transmission media
The transmission of signals or data by means of wire, cable, or other physical connections (transmitter) between a sender and a receiver.
Example: Fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, twisted-pair cable
Broadband media transmit multiple signals simultaneously.

9. Types of Transmission Media
2. Wireless transmission media The signals or data are transferred between a sender to a receiver by means of radio (electromagnetic) waves. The sender and receiver are not connected by any electrical or optical wires/cables. Example : cellular radio, satellite, broadcast radio, microwaves, Bluetooth, infrared.
Broadband media transmit multiple signals simultaneously.

10. Communication channel / Transmission media
Communication System
Sending device
Receiving device
Communication device
Communication channel / Transmission media

11. Communications System
A sending device that initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions, or information.
A communications device that connects the sending device to a communications channel.
A communications channel, or transmission media on which the data, instructions, or information travel.
A communications device that connects the communications channel to a receiving device.
A receiving device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information.

12. Advantages of Using a Network
Facilitating communications
Sharing hardware
Sharing data and information
Sharing software
Transferring funds

13. for transferring funds.
Figure 10-2 Networks facilitate communications; enable sharing of hardware, data and information, and software; and provide a means
for transferring funds.
Pages 452

14. Advantages of Using a Network
Facilitating communications
Using a network, people communicate efficiently and easily via , instant messaging, chat rooms, blogs, wikis, online social networks, video telephone calls, online meetings, video conferencing, VoIP, wireless messaging services, and groupware.
Sharing hardware
In a networked environment, each computer on the network can have access to all hardware on the network.
Sharing data and information
In a networked environment, any authorized computer user can access data and information stored on other computers on the network.
Sharing software
Users connected to a network have access to software on the network.
Transferring funds
Called electronic funds transfer (EFT ), it allows users connected to a network to transfer money from one bank account to another via transmission media.

15. Disadvantages of Using a Network
Viruses When computers are connected by a network, the virus can spread itself electronically, at computer speeds.
Network failure If the file server fails then no-one on the network can access any files or folders. This means that nobody can do any work. For an organization, this would be extremely costly and disruptive.
Slow service As more users log onto the network and request files, send things to be printed and open more software applications, the network can start to slow down.  
Cost Every workstation needs a network interface card to enable it to be connected to the network. Other hardware such as hubs, switches and routers are often needed.
Expert support required Networks need constant monitoring to ensure that the performance is maintained and that all of the components are working properly. This requires specialist staff such as network managers and technicians who will spend all of their time ensuring that the network works efficiently whenever you need to use it. These staff add a large cost to running a network, but without them, things would start to fail.

16. 3.1 Network Basic 3.1.2 Network Architecture
Chapter Three
3.1 Network Basic
3.1.2 Network Architecture
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
Explain types of network architecture
Kolej Matrikulasi Kelantan 2017/18

17. What to cover?
Type of network architecture
Peer-to-peer
Client/Server
Differentiate between client/server and peer-to-peer networks, and describe how a peer-to-peer network works

18. Network Architecture
The configuration of computers, devices, and media on a network is sometimes called the network architecture.
Two examples of network architectures are:
client-server
peer-to-peer
Pages 456

19. Peer-to-Peer
Each computer, called a peer, has equal responsibilities and capabilities , sharing hardware (such as a printer), data and information with other computers and mobile devices.
Page 457

20. Peer-to-Peer
Peer-to-Peer A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a simple, inexpensive network architecture that typically connects fewer than 10 computers.
Peer-to-peer networks allow users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other computers on the network.
Peer-to-peer networks do not have a common file server. Instead, all computers can use any of the resources available on other computers on the network.
For example, you might set up a P2P network between an Android tablet and a Windows laptop so that they can share files using Bluetooth or so that you can print from the tablet to a printer accessible to all devices on the network.
Page 457

21. Client-Server Client/Server On a client/server network,
one or more computers
act as a server, and the other computers on the network request services from the server
Page 456

22. Client The clients are other computers and mobile devices on the network that rely on the server for its resources. For example, a server might store an organization’s messages. Clients on the network, which include any users’ connected computers or mobile devices, access messages on the server. Server Server, sometimes called a host computer, controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information.

23. Peer-to-peer versus client-server1.
Every user is taking care of his/her own machine so could be difficult to administer the network
Centralized control by the server can be more efficient at administering the whole network. 2.
Easy to install and configure for the computers in the network.
Network professionals are normally needed to manage and maintain the whole network. 3.
Cost to install and maintain network is inexpensive.
Cost to install and manage the network can be expensive. 4.
Each computer has equal responsibilities and capabilities.
Only servers have high responsibilities and capabilities.

24. 3.1 Network Basic 3.1.3 Network Topology
Chapter Three
3.1 Network Basic
3.1.3 Network Topology
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
Explain types of network topology
Kolej Matrikulasi Kelantan 2017/18

25. Networks
A network topology refers to the layout of the nodes (computers and devices) in a communications network
Star network
Bus network
Ring network
Pages 475 – 477
Figures 9-16 – 9-18

26. What Is a Topology? A network topology refers to the layout of
the computers and devices in a
communications network.
It refers to both the physical and logical
layout of a network.

27. Layout of Network Physical Topology
The arrangement of a cabling is the physical
topology.
Logical Topology
The path that data travels between computers
on a network is the logical topology.

28. Types of network topology.
Three commonly used network topologies are:
Bus network
Star network
Ring network

29. Bus Network Topology A bus network consists of a single central
cable (backbone), to which all computers and
other devices connect.
T-Connector
Terminator
Backbone
Nodes

30. Bus Network Topology Each devices is connected to the single central
cable(backbone) through T-Connector.
A terminator is required at each end of the bus
cable to prevent the signal from bouncing back
and forth on the bus cable.
Terminator
T-Connector
Backbone

31. Bus Network Topology transmit data, instructions, and information
as a series of signal.
Those signals are sent as electrical pulses that
travel along the length of the cable in all directions.

32. Bus Network Topology When a sending device transmits data, the
address of the receiving device is included
with the transmission.
If the device address does not match the
intended address for the data, the device
ignores the data.
If the data does match the device address, the data is accepted.
All devices receive the data but only the
receiving device accept them.

33. Bus Network Topology Advantages:
Bus networks are inexpensive and easy to install.
So popular on Local Area Network (LAN).
2. Computers and other devices can be attached
and detached at any point on the bus without
disturbing the rest of the network.
3. Failure of one device usually does not affect the
rest of the bus network.

34. Bus Network Topology Disadvantages:
1. Because all systems on the network connect to
a single cable or backbone, a break in the cable
will prevent all systems from accessing the
network.
2. It is difficult to identify the problem if the entire
network shut down.

35. Star Network Topology All the computers and other devices on the
network connect to a central device, thus forming
a star.
Two types of devices that provide a common
central connection point to all the other devices
on the network are a hub and a switch.

36. Star Network Topology

37. Star Network Topology Hub / Switch
The device that provides a common central connection point for other devices on a network.
All data that transfers from one device to another passes through the hub or switch.
The hub takes a signal that comes from any device and passes it along to all the other devices in the network.

38. Star Network Topology Advantages:
1. If one device fails, only that device is affected.
2. Devices can be added to or removed from
network with little or no disruption.
3. Easy to troubleshoot and isolate problem.

39. Star Network Topology Disadvantages:
1. If the hub or switch fails, the entire network will
be inoperabled.
2. Requires more cable than most of the other
topologies.
3. More expensive because of the cost of the
hub/switch.

40. Ring Network Topology On a ring network, a cable forms a closed loop
(ring) with all computers and devices arranged
along the ring.
nodes

41. Ring Network Topology Data transmitted on a ring network travels from
device to device around the entire ring, in one
direction (clockwise or counterclockwise)
Token passing is one method for sending data
around a ring
Each device takes a turn sending and receiving
information through the
use of a token.

42. Ring Network Topology The token along with any data is sent from the
first device to the second device which extracts the
data addressed to it and adds any data it wishes
to send.
Then second device passes the token and data to
the third device, etc. until it comes back around to
the first device again.
Only the device with the token is allowed to send
data . All other devices must wait for the token to
come to them.

43. Ring Network Topology Advantages:
1. The transmission of data is relatively
simple as packets travel in one direction only.
2. Cable faults are easily located, making
troubleshooting easier.
3. The uses of token passing enables all devices in
a ring topology to share the network resources
fairly.

44. Ring Network Topology Disadvantages:
1. A failure in any cable or device breaks the
loop and can take down the entire network.
2. Data packets must pass through every computer
therefore, this makes it slower.
3. A ring network can span a larger distance than a
bus network, but it is more difficult to install.

45. will prevent all systems
Summary:
BUS NETWORK TOPOLOGY
DEFINITION
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
A bus network
consists of a
single central
cable (backbone),
to which all
computers and
other devices
connect.
Inexpensive and
easy to install.
The break in the
main cable(backbone)
will prevent all systems
from accessing the
network.
Other devices ca be
attached or detached
without disturbing
the network.
It is difficult to
identify the problem
if the entire network
Shut down.
Failure of one device
usually does not
affect the rest
of the network.

46. Summary: STAR NETWORK TOPOLOGY DEFINITION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
All the computers
and other devices
on the network
connect to a
central device,
thus forming a
star.
If one device fails,
only that device
is affected.
If the hub or switch
fails, the entire
network will be
inoperabled.
Devices can be added
or removed from
network with no
disruption.
Requires more cables
than most of the
other topologies.
Easy to
troubleshoot and
isolate problem.
More expensive
because of the
cost of hub/switch.

47. Cabel faults are easily
Summary:
RING NETWORK TOPOLOGY
DEFINITION
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
On a ring network,
a cable forms a
closed loop (ring)
with all computers
and devices
arranged
along the ring.
Transmission of data
is simple as packets
travel in one
direction only.
A failure in any cable
or device breaks the
loop and can take
down entire
network.
Cabel faults are easily
located, making
troubleshooting
easier.
Data packets must
pass through every
computer, thus make
it slower.
All devices in ring
topolgy share the
network resources
fairly.
More difficult to
install than a
bus network.

48. 3.1 Network Basic 3.1.4 Classification of Network
Chapter Three
3.1 Network Basic
3.1.4 Classification of Network
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
Differentiate among Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN)
Kolej Matrikulasi Kelantan 2017/18

49. MAN
LAN
MAN
LAN
MAN
LAN
WAN

50. LOCAL AREA NETWORK
LAN

51. LAN (Local Area network)
A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school, office building or closely positioned group of buildings.
Each computer or device on the network, called a node, often shares resources, such as printers, large hard drives, and programs. Often, the nodes are connected via cables.
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a LAN that uses no physical wires
Page 453

52. LAN (Local Area network)
Normally used bus network in Personal area network (PAN) and home area network (HAN)
Page 472
Figures 9-10 – 9-11

53. LAN (Local Area network)
Page 472
Figures 9-10 – 9-11

54. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
mAN

55. MAN (METROPOLITAN Area network)
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a high-speed network that connects local area networks in a metropolitan area such as a city or town and handles the bulk of communications activity across that region.
A MAN typically includes one or more LANs, but covers a smaller geographic area than a WAN.
A MAN usually is managed by a consortium of users or by a single network provider that sells the service to the users. Local and state governments, for example, regulate some MANs. Phone companies, cable television providers, and other organizations provide users with connections to the MAN.

56. Example of a MAN

57. Example of a MAN Surveillance System Traffic Light Monitoring System
Cable Network TV
Campus area network (CAN)

58. Example: Campus Area Network (CAN)
Academic Departments
University Library
Student Residence Halls.

59. WIDE AREA NETWORK
WAN

60. WAN (Wide Area network)
A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a large geographic area (such as a city, country, or the world) using a variety of wired and wireless transmission
media such as telephone lines, cables, and radio waves.
Enterprise private network (EPN) and Virtual private network (VPN) is example of private WAN
A WAN can be one large network or can consist of multiple LANs connected together. The Internet is the world’s largest WAN.

62. How Are LAN, MAN, and WAN Different?

63. How Are LAN, MAN, and WAN Different?
The main differentiation among these classifications is their area of coverage and network ownership.
LAN
MAN
WAN
LAN, MAN and WAN compared

64. Comparison:
Network
Geographical Area
Network Ownership
LAN
Connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as computer laboratory.
Private which is typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization. (eg: school computer laboratory, office building or closely positioned group of buildings.)
MAN
Connects computers and devices in a metropolitan area such as town or city.
A MAN is typically owned and operated by a single entity such as a government body or large corporation(eg: Local and state governments, telephone companies, cable television operators, and other organizations)
WAN
Connects computers and devices in a large geographical area such as country, world.
Public -WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any one organization but rather exist under collective or distributed ownership and management over long distances (city, country, or the world)