1. 1.5 Review

2. What is the first line of defence for the Immune (Lymphatic) system?
Skin, lining of organs

3. Mucus, phlegm, Hairs (hair-like structures)
What part of the first line of defence helps trap pathogens?
Mucus, phlegm, Hairs (hair-like structures)

4. What is in your stomach that kills pathogens?
Strong acid

5. What is the key player in the Second Line of Defence for your Immune system?
White Blood Cells

6. Why is inflammation our bodies natural response to an injury or infection? What does it help do?
Affected area receives more blood to allow more white blood cells to arrive. Area’s temperature increases to help with antibiotic effects

7. Specialized White Blood Cells
What is the bodies Third Line of Defence? What does it help do?
Specialized White Blood Cells
Helps fight the same pathogen in future attacks

8. What is the main difference between an Epidemic and Pandemic?
An epidemic is a disease that spreads to many people rapidly in an area (one place). A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents. Global scale outbreak

9. What is: Developed Immunity Natural Immunity
the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells. The body has been exposed to the pathogen before.
Natural Immunity
Immune to a disease without previous exposure to the pathogen (body already contains antigens)

10. 1.6 Vaccines and antibiotics

11. What is a vaccine. What benefits does it offer
What is a vaccine? What benefits does it offer? Can you name some illnesses that you would get a vaccine for?
Eg. Tetanus, measles, mumps, HPV, Hep A + B, Rubella, menegitis

12. Vaccine:
A substance that causes an immune response that prepares the immune system for future attacks

13. Four Different types of Vaccines:
Live, Attenuated Vaccine
You are injected with live, but weakened microbes, that don’t cause the disease
Your immune system responds and remembers
Receive life-long immunity after 1-2 shots
Examples:
Measles
Mumps
Chickenpox
Yellow Fever

14. Inactivated Vaccines
You are injected with dead microbes
Your immune system responds somewhat and remembers
Receive immunity ONLY if booster shots are maintained
Examples:
Hepatitis A
Rabies
Whooping Cough

15. Subunit Vaccines
You are injected with specific pieces of microbes
Your immune system responds and remembers
Receive immunity after several doses
Examples:
Hepatitis B
Flu

16. Toxoid Vaccines
You are injected with inactivated toxins from microbes that don’t cause disease
Your immune system responds and remembers
Receive immunity ONLY if booster shots are maintained
Examples:
Tetanus

17. What line of defence is responsible for the “remembering” in vaccines?
How do vaccines work -

18. What do YOU think some benefits of vaccines are?
With a partner brainstorm some benefits you think vaccines might offer. Why are these things good?

19. Benefits of vaccines Individual Immunity
you avoid getting horribly sick all the time

20. Benefits of vaccines Individual Immunity
you avoid getting horribly sick all the time
Population Immunity
If everyone is vaccinated, the disease cant spread, even if a few are vaccinated

21. Benefits of vaccines Individual Immunity
you avoid getting horribly sick all the time
Population Immunity
If everyone is vaccinated, the disease cant spread, even if a few are vaccinated
Disease eradication
If everyone is vaccinated, the disease has no where to go, so it dies out (like smallpox – last case in 1977)

22. Benefits of vaccines Individual Immunity
you avoid getting horribly sick all the time
Population Immunity
If everyone is vaccinated, the disease cant spread, even if a few are vaccinated
Disease eradication
If everyone is vaccinated, the disease has no where to go, so it dies out (like smallpox – last case in 1977)
Economic savings
Billions of dollars saved in the health care system. Treating disease is expensive

23. Sometimes people choose not to vaccinate because severe reactions are possible:
High fever
Severe allergic reaction
Brain infection (meningitis)

24. These reactions are VERY RARE.
These possible side effects for each vaccine are Different
Over the last decade, it has been scientifically proven countless times that vaccines do NOT cause two side effects that have been popularized on social media:
Leukemia
And
Autism
Discuss anti-vaxxers (debate – should all infants be vaccinated?)
Facts only, not opinions

25. What are antibiotics. What benefits do they offer
What are antibiotics? What benefits do they offer? Can you name some illnesses that you would take antibiotics for?
Good bacteria = insulin and penicillin
Whooping cough
Conjuctivitus (eye infection)
Bites
Infections
Antibiotics quiz -

26. Antibiotics:
Chemical that affect bacteria
Kills bacteria (some dissolve cell membrane)
Prevent bacteria from growthing/reproducing
DOES NOT WORK ON VIRUSES

27. Antibiotic Resistance
& Superbugs
Superbug video -

28. Many antibiotics were discovered from: Plants
Fungi
Algae
Cinnamon = Honey and cinnamon are combined often to fight various infections. Daily use of these two products can prevent bacterial and viral infections and they help strengthen white blood cells. Honey and cinnamon can be drunk with water to heal colds and coughs and heal bladder infections. Honey and cinnamon paste can ease an aching tooth, cure acne, eczema, insect bites, ringworm and other skin infections.
Fungi = Penicillin
Algae =

29. Evolution of bacteria “mega-plate” - https://www. youtube. com/watch

31. Discovery of Penicillin - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i75unx2upYk