1. Carl sagan
who speaks for earth?
You are here…

2. Warm up:
Arrange your moon models such that the black and white moon is in a position to cause a lunar eclipse and the moon with the black dot is in a position to cause a solar eclipse.

3. Why did we send man to the moon?
Neil deGrasse Tyson and explorations.

4. Age – based on the moon rocks brought to earth: 4.3 billion year
bad moon rising… NASA pics. moon names Moon: Earth’s only natural satellite. It has an elliptical orbit.
Age – based on the moon rocks brought to earth: 4.3 billion year
Theory of formation:
Collision with huge body broke a chunk off earth. This chunk is held in orbit by earth’s gravity and becomes the moon.
“Big Whack”
2. Moon is part of earth that pulls away from earth for some unknown reason.
Moon is an asteroid-like object that was captured by earth’s gravitational field and has been orbiting earth ever since.
4. Formed separately but at the same time as earth. Was captured by earth’s gravity.

5. Composition: very similar to rocks found on earth:
Mostly Basalt (igneous) rock
Core is iron, nickel and sulfur
Crust is aluminum and calcium
formation of moon
nasa evolution of moon
nasa moon tour

8. Rotation – Takes 27 days to make one rotation so we ALWAYS see the same side of the moon.
why we see the same side
We did not see the back side until astronauts flew behind the moon and photographed it.

9. REVOLUTION
Revolution: Takes 27.3 days to make one sidereal revolution (360 degrees)
Takes 29.5 days to go from one full moon to the next full moon (lunar month = 29 days)
How far does the moon travel on its orbit in one day?
360 0/27 days = about 130 /day

10. Why 2.5 days more to see one complete phase cycle?
In the 27 days it takes the moon to revolve around the earth, EARTH has moved 270 on its orbit around the sun
(3600/365 days = about 10/ day)
As the moon orbits the Earth, the Earth orbits the sun.
These two combined motions means the moon must revolve about 3870 ( ) in order for us to see the next new moon phase.

11. Sidereal vs Lunar month
phases of moon rap
30 days song

12. PHASES of the Moon
Phases of moon are caused by the changing position of the Earth, sun and moon.
We see various amounts of the illuminated part of the moon depending on where the moon is in its orbit.

28. Phase animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHD4Pk0D8_g
days in a month song

30. One complete cycle of phases.

33. What phase is it today???
(shows today’s phase and a calendar of changes)
(shows how phases change and place in orbit)

34. Warm up:
If it is a full moon on Saturday, what date will the new moon be?
What phase is this?

35. Like the earth, the moon rotates and revolves counterclockwise.
KNOW THE PHASES – BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY AND DRAW THEM!!!!

36. Why does the moon rise 50 minutes later each night?
The moon moves 13 degrees on its orbit around the earth while the earth makes one rotation – therefore earth must rotate degrees to see the moon rise the next night. (24 hours and 50 minutes)

37. ECLIPSE
1. The term ECLIPSE is used when one object blocks another object from your view.
2. A SOLAR ECLIPSE happens when the Sun is blocked from the Earth’s view by the moon.
3. A LUNAR Eclipse happens when the moon moves through the Earth’s shadow and the moon is blocked from Earth’s view.

38. 4. A solar eclipse happens during the NEW moon phase.
5. A lunar eclipse happens during the FULL moon phase.

39. Why we do not have monthly eclipses:
Reasons we do not see an eclipse every month:
1. Moon’s orbit is tilted 5 degrees from Earth’s so the shadow may be above or below.
2. Moon travels in an ellipse and the distance between Earth and Moon varies.

40. Video of orbit
(Good explanation solar)
Lunar eclipse audio explanation)
shows the Dec lunar eclipse)

42. Total Lunar Eclipse The entire Moon passes through Earth's umbral shadow. These events are quite striking due to the Moon's vibrant red color during the total phase (totality

43. Why is the Moon Red During a Total Lunar Eclipse?
During a total lunar eclipse, the Earth blocks the Sun's light from reaching the Moon. While the Moon remains completely within Earth's umbral shadow, indirect sunlight still manages to reach and illuminate it. However, this sunlight must first pass deep through the Earth's atmosphere which filters out most of the blue colored light. The remaining light is a deep red or orange in color and is much dimmer than pure white sunlight. Earth's atmosphere also bends or refracts some of this light so that a small fraction of it can reach and illuminate the Moon.
The total phase of a lunar eclipse is so interesting and beautiful precisely because of the filtering and refracting effect of Earth's atmosphere. If the Earth had no atmosphere, then the Moon would be completely black during a total eclipse. Instead, the Moon can take on a range of colors from dark brown and red to bright orange and yellow. The exact appearance depends on how much dust and clouds are present in Earth's atmosphere. Total eclipses tend to be very dark after major volcanic eruptions since these events dump large amounts of volcanic ash into Earth's atmosphere. During the total lunar eclipse of December 1992, dust from Mount Pinatubo rendered the Moon nearly invisible.

44. Lunar eclipse start, middle and end

45. Totality

46. All total eclipses start with a penumbral followed by a partial eclipse, and end with a partial followed by a penumbral eclipse (the total eclipse is sandwiched in the middle). The penumbral phases of the eclipse are quite difficult to see, even with a telescope. However, partial and total eclipses are easy to observe, even with the naked eye.

47. 2000 Total Eclipse Over Maui

48. 1982 Total Lunar Eclipse in Geminii The very dark total lunar eclipse of 1982 Dec 30

49. Penumbral eclipse The Moon passes through Earth's penumbral shadow
Penumbral eclipse The Moon passes through Earth's penumbral shadow. These events are of only academic interest because they are subtle and hard to observe

50. Partial Lunar Eclipse A portion of the Moon passes through Earth's umbral shadow. These events are easy to see, even with the unaided eye

51. Partial eclipse nears its finale

54. 2006 Total Solar Eclipse A composite image reveals subtle structure in the Sun's corona.

55. 2005 Annular Solar Eclipse This sequence shows the eclipse just before, during and after annularity.

56. 2005 Annular Solar Eclipse This sequence encompasses the entire eclipse from start to finish.

57. August 11,1999

58. Path of totality of 8/11/1999

59. Path of totality through Europe

60. When is the next solar eclipse??

61. Total Solar Eclipse of 1999 Aug 11 (Elazig, TURKEY)

62. Diamond Ring Effect

63. The eerie twilight sky of totality is seen above of Lake Hazar, Turkey
The eerie twilight sky of totality is seen above of Lake Hazar, Turkey. Espenak and his telescopes are silhouetted against the lake while a time lapse sequence reveals various phases of the eclipse from start to finish.

64. TIDES http://earthsky
TIDES planets in night sky
hi/low

65. Two tidal bulges are created on opposite sides of the Earth due to the moon's gravitational force and inertias counterbalance Hopewell Rocks

66. Reasons for tides: http://www. youtube. com/watch
Reasons for tides: Tide song
Tides are caused by the Moon’s gravitational force pulling on the Earth.
The Sun’s gravity also pulls on Earth but to a lesser extent because it is so far away.
The water is pulled towards the moon (and/or the Sun) creating a high tide.

67. Monthly high tides
During the new moon and full moon phase the Sun and moon are aligned with earth and the gravitational pull is the strongest for the month.
Spring tides have the greatest high tides for the month (and also the lowest low tides) and the greatest tidal variation.
Bay of Fundy at spring tide
Bay of Fundy at Neap tide

68. Monthly low tides
During the first quarter and third quarter moon, the Sun and moon pull in different directions, causing the least change to occur between the daily high and low tide.
Neap tides have the smallest tidal variation.

70. Daily high tides
Most coastal locations have two high tides and two low tides in a hour day.
When the moon is directly over your location, a high tide occurs.
Another high tide occurs on the opposite side of the earth.
As the moon moves in its revolution, so does the tidal bulge.
Hopewell rocks

71. Daily tide cycle lags by 50 minutes each 24 hour day.
Usually about 12 hrs and 25 min. between two consecutive high tides (or two low tides)
Moon rises 50 min. later each night because it moves 13o in its revolution around earth.

72. One high and one low tide in 24 hours occur in only a few places.

73. Diurnal tides – most common

75. http://www.mmscrusaders.com/newscirocks/tides/tideanim.htm spring/neap
bay of fundy tides
Hopewell Rocks

76. Tidal variations over a week.

77. Over two weeks

78. Tidal variations in Sydney Australia over one year.

79. Semi-Diurnal tides

82. Star Trails over Arches National Park

83. Kitty Peak, Arizona

84. Stars rising from the ??

85. Stars setting in the west

86. Star Trails – Bolivia

87. Transit of Venus

88. Leonids-meteor trails diverging from the sickle shaped head of Leo
Leonids-meteor trails diverging from the sickle shaped head of Leo. The Beehive Cluster (M44) is near the center while the bright 'star' to the upper right is Jupiter in Gemini

89. Meteor Crater, Arizona

92. Comet Hale-Bopp 1997

93. Comet Hyakut 3/96

95. Comet ISON 11/2013