1. Electron ConfigurationH O P K Na S Mg Cl

2. H+ + OH- H2O (water is neutral and has a pH of 7)
Neutralisation
hydroxide (OH-) ions are the opposite to H+
When there are equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions in a solution they will react to form pure water (H2O) in a neutralisation reaction
H OH H2O (water is neutral and has a pH of 7)
From acid
From base
So bases can neutralise acids
and acids can neutralise bases!

3. Friends Jellyfish Sting
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4. Neutralisation in your garden…
Plants can only grow in a small range of pH
What would you do if your soil was tested and found to be too acidic?
1 Neutralisation in Agriculture (a) To treat acidic soil
(i) Plants cannot grow well in acidic soil.
(ii) Lime fertilisers such as powdered lime, CaO, limestone, CaCO 3 or ashes of burnt wood are added to the soil to neutralise it acidity.
(b) To treat basic soil
(i) Basic soil can be treated by using a compost of rotting vegetables or leaves.
(ii) This is beacause the rotting vegetables and leaves decompose to liberate carbon dioxide gas.
(iii) The acidic gas from the decomposition of compost neutralises the alkalis in basic soils.

5. Neutralisation in industry
Acidic gas (Sulphur dioxide) which can casue acid rain is produced from power plants.
What do you think governments make powerplants do before the gas in released?
(b) To treat acidic gas
(i) In energy industry, power stations burn fossil fuels such as coal to produce electricity.
(ii) The burning fossil feuls will liberate sulphur dioxide gas as an acidic pollutant in the air.
(iii) Hence, power stations treat this acidic gas using powdered lime, CaO or limestone, CaCO3to neutralise it so that air pollutant can be prevented.

6. How do you treat stings The sting from bee is acidic.
Bee and wasps stings should be treated very differently.
How would you treat each of the stings?
The sting from bee is acidic.
The sting from a wasp is alkaline.
Photo credit (left): © 2007 Jupiterimages Corporation
Photo credit (right): © 2007 Jupiterimages Corporation
Bicarbonate of soda (pH 9)
Vinegar (pH 3)

7. Tooth decay - How is tooth decay caused?
What does this tell you about toothpaste?
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8. Pain in the stomach? Your stomach is acidic
What do you think antacids are made of?
What do they do in the stomach?