1. WEATHER VOCAB PART 2
AIR MASSES AND STORMS

2. Isotherms
Lines on a weather map that connect points where the temperature is the same.

3. Orographic Lifting
Lifting of air caused by its passage up and over mountains or other sloping terrain.

4. Frontal Wedging Warm air and cold air collide, since warm air
is less dense it is wedged upward and usually causes rain

5. Cold Wave arctic origin
Extended period of lower than normal temperatures caused by large, high pressure systems of continental polar or
arctic origin

6. El Nino
Warm ocean current that develops off the western coast of South America and can cause short term climate changes felt worldwide.

7. La Nina
A cooling of the surface water of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, occurring every 4-12 years causing unusual weather patterns. The
cooler water brings drought
to western South America and heavy rains to Australia and Indonesia

8. Coriolis Effect
Deflects moving particles such as air to the right above the equator and to the left below the equator:
caused by Earth's rotation and combines with the heat imbalances found on Earth to create the trade winds 

9. Cyclone
A system of winds that spiral in toward a region of low atmospheric pressure,
circling counter-clockwise
in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere

10. Wind The horizontal movement of air relative to the earth's surface.

11. Frontal Thunderstorms
Type of thunderstorm usually produced by an advancing cold front, which can result in a line of thunderstorms or, more rarely, an advancing warm front, which
can result in a relatively solid thunderstorm.

12. Thunderstorm A storm with lightning and thunder. Its produced by a
cumulonimbus cloud, usually producing gusty winds, heavy rain and sometimes hail.

13. Tornado severe thunderstorms. In area, it
Appears as a violent funnel-shaped wind vortex in the lower atmosphere with upward spiraling winds of high speeds - spawned by
severe thunderstorms. In area, it
is one of the least extensive of all storms, but in violence, it is the world's most severe.

14. Severe Thunderstorm
A thunderstorm which produces tornadoes, large hail, or winds of 50 knots or more.
Structural wind damage may imply the occurrence of a severe
thunderstorm.

15. Severe Weather
Refers to any dangerous meteorological phenomena with the potential to cause
damage, serious social disruption, or loss of human life.

16. Station Model
Is a symbolic illustration showing the weather occurring at a given reporting station. Meteorologists created the station model to fit a number of weather elements
into a small space on weather maps.

17. Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale
Classifies tornado according to their wind speed, duration,
and path of destruction
on a scale of F0 to F5

18. Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
Classifies hurricanes according to air pressure in the center, wind speed, and property damage potential
on a scale ranging from
Category 1 to Category 5

19. Temperature Inversion
condition in which the temperature of the atmosphere increases with altitude in contrast to the normal decrease with altitude. When temperature inversion occurs, cold air underlies warmer air at higher altitudes.

20. Hurricane
Also known as Typhoon, Tropical Cyclones, Willy- Willies. Tropical storms with wind speeds of 64 knots (117km/h) up to 240 knots (414 km/h) that can be thousands of square kilometers in size. Such systems usually have a lifespan of several days.

21. Urban Heat Island
(UHI) is an urban area or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The main cause
of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces.