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Moving & Handling Awareness Training
INTRODUCTION List the top 5 things that are most important to you in your life (© EDGE Services)
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LEGISLATION Why ? Protect yourself & others Understand where polices
& procedures come from
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‘Manual Handling Operations Regulations, 1992 (as amended)’
“manual handling operations” means any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or bodily force.
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“Load” anything which is moveable, e.g. inanimate object, person or
animal.
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‘Manual Handling Operations Regulations, 1992 (as amended)’
The Employee (Regulation 5) (a) Each employee while at work shall make full and proper use of any system of work provided for his use by his employer in compliance with Regulation 4. (© EDGE Services)
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‘Manual Handling Operations Regulations, 1992 (as amended)’ The employer(Regulation 4)
Avoid Wherever possible, avoiding a hazardous manual handling situation is always preferable. Assess Reduce Review void ssess If avoidance is not possible, making a ‘suitable and sufficient’ assessment of the hazards is the next step. educe By following the Risk Assessment you are reducing the risk of injury to all persons involved. Training of staff in safer handling techniques, introducing appropriate handling aids and changing work patterns will all help reduce the risk. eview Risk Assessments should be reviewed when changes occur. (© EDGE Services)
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Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
General duties on employers to ensure health & safety of employees Employees to take reasonable care for their own & others health & safety ‘Duty of care for their acts & omissions.’ Liability for prosecution – under H&S law you are guilty until proved innocent
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Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
Failure to read risk assessment is breach of HSWA If no access to care plan with risk assessment, lodge incident report form Need written instructions on how to use equipment Need to be given training
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Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Risk assessment- ‘suitable & sufficient’ Recorded Duty to review if its no longer valid Principles of prevention- avoid risk or evaluate unavoidable risks Training Employee’s duty to report unsafe practices
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RIDDOR 2013 Reporting of accidents, incidents & ill-health at work.
Most common cause of ‘over 7 day injury’ is manual handling Must be reported to HSE
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‘Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations, 1998’: LOLER
Regular inspection of equipment- hoists, slings Records of examinations 6 monthly inspection; logs Annual services Load test certificates
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Human Rights Act 1998 Eg. Article 3- no-one to be subjected to inhuman treatment Duties on public authorities including those where services are contracted out Can be conflict between rights of SU & carer RCN guidance does not support ‘no lifting’ policies & has been ruled ‘unlawful’
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Provision & Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
Covers equipment such as slide sheets, handling belts, hoists etc Need to be kept in good working order Fit for purpose Instructions must be available on use of pieces of equipment (© EDGE Services)
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Causes of Back Pain Spinal Function Advice on Back Care
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The Normal Spine (© EDGE Services)
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Intervertebral Discs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDvbAvBLQuM
(© EDGE Services)
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Spinal column 33 bones or vertebra
S shape increases load carrying capacity Gives elasticity to absorb shocks of running/jumping On either side of vertebra are spinal facet ( bony prominences) These link vertebra; limit excessive movement
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Intervertebral discs Nucleus Pulposus Fluid Jelly like centre Annulus fibrosus Fibrous ring attached to vertebra Movement of fluid in nucleus allows vertebra rock on discs & flexibility
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Spinal ligaments Back not designed for heavy loads
Needs muscles – abdominal, hips, thighs also Muscles and ligament groups aren’t large, get there strength from thin bands running in different directions a ‘rigging pattern’
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Slipped ( prolapsed/herniated) Disc
Annulus fibrosus stretches & cracks open Nucleus seeps through to push on weaker part of wall & forms a bulge Bending & lifting weights of over 25Lbs more than 25 times as day increases likelihood of slipped disc 6 times
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Forces on spine- all occur during MH
Compression: downward force leads to disc bulging Tension- compression at one side; tension on other Shear- vertebra slides forward on one below it Torsional -Twisting movements of spine cause fibres to weaken
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Common causes of back pain
Poor posture Age, obesity Poor physical condition How we lift , lower , push ,pull Disease/ injury Stressful living/working habits Keep your ‘spine in line’ when undertaking people handling moves to reduce risks
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Interesting Back Facts
Newborn babies have three more bones in their spines than adults
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Giraffes have the same number of neck (cervical) bones as humans
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You are about half an inch taller at the beginning of the day than at the end
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At some point in their lives 80% of adults experience back pain
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Across the UK back pain is the most common reason why people take sick days from work
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Introduction to Biomechanics
Efficient Body Movement Application of Efficient Body Movement Inanimate Object Handling Commonly used ‘Controversial Techniques’ CHILDS PLAY
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Principles of biomechanics
1 - Use centre of gravity ( where total body mass concentrated) 2 - Use base of support for stability- feet & area between 3 - Avoid tension by keeping external levers short
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Use centre of gravity As body changes shapes, centre of gravity changes Standing person of normal weight, centre of gravity in pelvis Overweight client- centre will change to thigh area When sitting in a chair the centre of gravity will be outside the physical body and lies just over the thighs
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Use base of Support Line of gravity = vertical line to floor from centre of gravity For stability need to keep line of gravity within base of support Greater stability when feet slightly apart, knees bent, this widens the base of support and lowers the centre of gravity
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External levers A common posture adopted is leaning forward
When centre of gravity moves , line of gravity falls outside base of support To prevent this arms should be kept as short as possible, knees slightly bent & feet apart To keep line of gravity within base of support
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‘Controversial Techniques’
Each of the following moves are deemed to be high risk to both the client and the carer, according to: Research findings in studies which examine named manual lifting or transfer techniques; Published professional opinion in ‘The Guide to the Handling of Patients (4th Edition)’ (NBPA, 1998) and ‘Safe Handling in the Community’ (Backcare, 1999); Assessments using ergonomic/biomechanic assessment tools in ‘The Guide to the Handling of People (5th Edition)’ (J. Smith, 2005). (© EDGE Services)
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‘Controversial Techniques’
The Drag Lift (© EDGE Services)
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Drag Lift - banned 1981 The Drag Lift (© EDGE Services)
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Orthodox lift- banned 1986 The Orthodox Lift (© EDGE Services)
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Through arm lift – banned 1998
Through-arm Lift (One carer) (© EDGE Services) Through-arm Lift (Two carers)
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‘Top and Tail’ – danger of hyper extending knee
Arm and Leg ‘Lug’/Hammock Transfer (© EDGE Services)
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Banned 1992- infection control issues( feet on bed)
The Australian Lift/Shoulder Lift (© EDGE Services)
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Has lead to deaths of informal carers by broken necks
The Bear Hug/Pivot Transfer (© EDGE services)
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Banned 1992 Poles and Canvas Lift (© EDGE services)
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Accidents 12 people each year die from manual handling accidents
6 registered nurses lost registration for moving & handling accidents ( even where present & not actually doing it)
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Risk Assessment We do it every day !!
Is about reducing risk – not eliminating it
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The ergonomic approach to reducing the risk of manual handling injuries
The study of people, their working environment & the relationship between them Takes into account a wide range of factors
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Five steps to risk assessment
Look for hazards Decide who might be harmed & how Evaluate risks Record findings Review & revise assessment if need be
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Potential Hazards in people handling
Environment Load Individual Capability Task Equipment
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Environment Load Individual Capacity Task Equipment
Complete the following exercise – identify as many hazards as possible under the following headings: Environment Load Individual Capacity Task Equipment
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Examples E how much space is available ? L Does the SU have poor
communication skills ? I Are the carers trained ? T is the task repetitive ? E is the right equipment available ?
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