1. Moving & Handling Awareness Training
INTRODUCTION
List the top 5 things that are most important to you in your life
(© EDGE Services)

2. LEGISLATION Why ? Protect yourself & others Understand where polices
& procedures come from

3. ‘Manual Handling Operations Regulations, 1992 (as amended)’
“manual handling operations” means any transporting or supporting of
a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or
moving thereof) by hand or bodily force.

4. “Load” anything which is moveable, e.g. inanimate object, person or
animal.

6. ‘Manual Handling Operations Regulations, 1992 (as amended)’
The Employee (Regulation 5)
(a) Each employee while at work shall make full and proper use of any system of work provided for his use by his employer in compliance with Regulation 4.
(© EDGE Services)

7. ‘Manual Handling Operations Regulations, 1992 (as amended)’ The employer(Regulation 4)
Avoid  Wherever possible, avoiding a hazardous manual handling situation is always preferable.
Assess
Reduce
Review
void
ssess
If avoidance is not possible, making a ‘suitable and sufficient’
assessment of the hazards is the next step.
educe
 By following the Risk Assessment you are reducing the risk of
injury to all persons involved. 
Training of staff in safer handling techniques, introducing appropriate handling aids and changing work patterns will all help reduce the risk.
eview
 Risk Assessments should be reviewed when changes occur.
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8. Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
General duties on employers to ensure health & safety of employees
Employees to take reasonable care for their own & others health & safety
‘Duty of care for their acts & omissions.’
Liability for prosecution – under H&S law you are guilty until proved innocent

9. Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
Failure to read risk assessment is breach of HSWA
If no access to care plan with risk assessment, lodge incident report form
Need written instructions on how to use equipment
Need to be given training

10. Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Risk assessment- ‘suitable & sufficient’
Recorded
Duty to review if its no longer valid
Principles of prevention- avoid risk or evaluate unavoidable risks
Training
Employee’s duty to report unsafe practices

11. RIDDOR 2013 Reporting of accidents, incidents & ill-health at work.
Most common cause of ‘over 7 day injury’ is manual handling
Must be reported to HSE

12. ‘Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations, 1998’: LOLER
Regular inspection of equipment- hoists, slings
Records of examinations
6 monthly inspection; logs
Annual services
Load test certificates

13. Human Rights Act 1998
Eg. Article 3- no-one to be subjected to inhuman treatment
Duties on public authorities including those where services are contracted out
Can be conflict between rights of SU & carer
RCN guidance does not support ‘no lifting’ policies & has been ruled ‘unlawful’

14. Provision & Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
Covers equipment such as slide sheets, handling belts, hoists etc
Need to be kept in good working order
Fit for purpose
Instructions must be available on use of pieces of equipment
(© EDGE Services)

15. Causes of Back Pain Spinal Function Advice on Back Care

16. The Normal Spine
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17. Intervertebral Discs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDvbAvBLQuM
(© EDGE Services)

18. Spinal column 33 bones or vertebra
S shape increases load carrying capacity
Gives elasticity to absorb shocks of running/jumping
On either side of vertebra are spinal facet ( bony prominences)
These link vertebra; limit excessive movement

19. Intervertebral discs
Nucleus Pulposus
Fluid
Jelly like centre
Annulus fibrosus
Fibrous ring attached to vertebra
Movement of fluid in nucleus allows vertebra rock on discs & flexibility

20. Spinal ligaments Back not designed for heavy loads
Needs muscles – abdominal, hips, thighs also
Muscles and ligament groups aren’t large, get there strength from thin bands running in different directions a ‘rigging pattern’

21. Slipped ( prolapsed/herniated) Disc
Annulus fibrosus stretches & cracks open
Nucleus seeps through to push on weaker part of wall & forms a bulge
Bending & lifting weights of over 25Lbs more than 25 times as day increases likelihood of slipped disc 6 times

22. Forces on spine- all occur during MH
Compression: downward force leads to disc bulging
Tension- compression at one side; tension on other
Shear- vertebra slides forward on one below it
Torsional -Twisting movements of spine cause fibres to weaken

23. Common causes of back pain
Poor posture
Age, obesity
Poor physical condition
How we lift , lower , push ,pull
Disease/ injury
Stressful living/working habits
Keep your ‘spine in line’ when undertaking people handling moves to reduce risks

24. Interesting Back Facts
Newborn babies have three more bones in their spines than adults

25. Giraffes have the same number of neck (cervical) bones as humans

26. You are about half an inch taller at the beginning of the day than at the end

27. At some point in their lives 80% of adults experience back pain

28. Across the UK back pain is the most common reason why people take sick days from work

29. Introduction to Biomechanics
Efficient Body Movement
Application of Efficient Body Movement
Inanimate Object Handling
Commonly used ‘Controversial Techniques’
CHILDS PLAY

30. Principles of biomechanics
1 - Use centre of gravity ( where total body mass concentrated)
2 - Use base of support for stability- feet & area between
3 - Avoid tension by keeping external levers short

31. Use centre of gravity
As body changes shapes, centre of gravity changes
Standing person of normal weight, centre of gravity in pelvis
Overweight client- centre will change to thigh area
When sitting in a chair the centre of gravity will be outside the physical body and lies just over the thighs

32. Use base of Support
Line of gravity = vertical line to floor from centre of gravity
For stability need to keep line of gravity within base of support
Greater stability when feet slightly apart, knees bent, this widens the base of support and lowers the centre of gravity

33. External levers A common posture adopted is leaning forward
When centre of gravity moves , line of gravity falls outside base of support
To prevent this arms should be kept as short as possible, knees slightly bent & feet apart
To keep line of gravity within base of support

41. ‘Controversial Techniques’
Each of the following moves are deemed to be high risk to both the client and the carer, according to:
Research findings in studies which examine named manual lifting or transfer techniques;
Published professional opinion in ‘The Guide to the Handling of Patients (4th Edition)’ (NBPA, 1998) and ‘Safe Handling in the Community’ (Backcare, 1999);
Assessments using ergonomic/biomechanic assessment tools in ‘The Guide to the Handling of People (5th Edition)’ (J. Smith, 2005).
(© EDGE Services)

42. ‘Controversial Techniques’
The Drag Lift
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43. Drag Lift - banned 1981
The Drag Lift
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44. Orthodox lift- banned 1986
The Orthodox Lift
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45. Through arm lift – banned 1998
Through-arm Lift (One carer)
(© EDGE Services)
Through-arm Lift (Two carers)

46. ‘Top and Tail’ – danger of hyper extending knee
Arm and Leg ‘Lug’/Hammock Transfer
(© EDGE Services)

47. Banned 1992- infection control issues( feet on bed)
The Australian Lift/Shoulder Lift
(© EDGE Services)

48. Has lead to deaths of informal carers by broken necks
The Bear Hug/Pivot Transfer
(© EDGE services)

49. Banned 1992
Poles and Canvas Lift
(© EDGE services)

50. Accidents 12 people each year die from manual handling accidents
6 registered nurses lost registration for moving & handling accidents ( even where present & not actually doing it)

51. Risk Assessment We do it every day !!
Is about reducing risk – not eliminating it

53. The ergonomic approach to reducing the risk of manual handling injuries
The study of people, their working environment & the relationship between them
Takes into account a wide range of factors

54. Five steps to risk assessment
Look for hazards
Decide who might be harmed & how
Evaluate risks
Record findings
Review & revise assessment
if need be

55. Potential Hazards in people handling
Environment
Load
Individual Capability
Task
Equipment

56. Environment Load Individual Capacity Task Equipment
Complete the following exercise – identify as many hazards as possible under the following headings:
Environment
Load
Individual Capacity
Task
Equipment

57. Examples E how much space is available ? L Does the SU have poor
communication skills ?
I Are the carers trained ?
T is the task repetitive ?
E is the right equipment available ?