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Why babies should never sleep alone: A review of the co-sleeping controversy in relation to SIDS, bedsharing and breast feeding  James J. McKenna, Thomas.

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Presentation on theme: "Why babies should never sleep alone: A review of the co-sleeping controversy in relation to SIDS, bedsharing and breast feeding  James J. McKenna, Thomas."— Presentation transcript:

1 Why babies should never sleep alone: A review of the co-sleeping controversy in relation to SIDS, bedsharing and breast feeding  James J. McKenna, Thomas McDade  Paediatric Respiratory Reviews  Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages (June 2005) DOI: /j.prrv Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

2 Figure 1 Most and least important factors influencing where any given infant, in any given family, on any given night, sleeps. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2005 6, DOI: ( /j.prrv ) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

3 Figure 2 How social folk assumptions about the ‘normalcy’ and desirability of solitary infant sleep achieved scientific validation: five steps. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2005 6, DOI: ( /j.prrv ) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

4 Figure 3 Infant–parent co-sleeping with breast feeding: why it can be seen as a mutually re-enforcing system. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2005 6, DOI: ( /j.prrv ) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

5 Figure 4 Bedsharing outcomes are best conceptualised as falling along a benefits–risks continuum with degree of risk or protection from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) being determined by the presence or absence of breast feeding behaviour and independent adverse risk factors. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2005 6, DOI: ( /j.prrv ) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

6 Figure 5 United States sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) rates and national breast feeding rates (in-hospital and at 6 months) from 1985–1997. The data show that the dramatic decline in SIDS cases, beginning with the ‘Back-To-Sleep-Campaign’ in 1992, occurred in relation to a significant upward trajectory of increased breast feeding. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2005 6, DOI: ( /j.prrv ) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

7 Figure 6 SIDS rates and percentage breast feeding by ethnic group, 1988–1997. African Americans who have the highest SIDS rates exhibit the lowest breast feeding rates. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2005 6, DOI: ( /j.prrv ) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

8 Figure 7 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) rates in relation to percentage of societal bedsharing (per culture, country or region). Contrary to what would be predicted by those arguing a linear, simple relationship between bedsharing and SIDS, some of the lowest SIDS rates are associated with the highest bedsharing or co-sleeping geographical or cultural entities. Source: SIDS Global Task Force Child Care Study – Nelson et al, Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2005 6, DOI: ( /j.prrv ) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions


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