1. Have you ever dozed through Chemistry class and wondered
what chemistry had to do with you?

2. A lot! Your body produces its own chemicals and uses them to control certain functions, and the main system that coordinates these chemicals is called the endocrine system.

3. A quick overview http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rS7SM4vzs18

4. Though we rarely think about the endocrine system, it influences almost every cell, organ, and function of our bodies.
It regulates mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, sexual function and reproductive processes.
The endocrine system is in charge of body processes that happen slowly, such as cell growth

6. Faster processes like breathing and body movement are monitored by the nervous system. But even though the nervous system and endocrine system are separate systems, they often work together to help the body function properly.

7. Endocrine System - Is a chemical system that regulates many body
functions through a network of glands throughout the body
Glands- A group of cells that secrete chemicals
Glands select and remove materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body
The glands of the Endocrine System are (13 of them)
Hypothalamus Pituitary
Thyroid Parathyroid
Adrenal Glands Pineal body
Reproductive Glands The Pancreas
Thymus Heart
Kidney Stomach
Intestines

8. Hormones
Chemicals that circulate the blood stream and carry messages and signals to different parts of the body
The word hormone comes from the Greek word hormao which means “I excite” meaning that hormones stimulate particular parts of the body (Target Glands)

10. Main link between the endocrine and nervous system
Hypothalmus
Located in the lower central part of the brain
Main link between the endocrine and nervous system
Control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary.

11. Hypothalamus
Most doctors feel the hypothalamus is to blame for mind problems since it controls the bodies most important hormones
Serotonin, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Acetylcholine among others
The main function of the hypothalamus is to maintain homeostasis… blood pressure, temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance
The hypothalamus controls the Pituitary Gland

12. Pituitary Gland Located right beneath the hypothalamus
About the size of a pea but considered to be the most important
part in the endocrine system
Known as the “master gland” because it makes hormones that
control several other endocrine glands (Makes 8 types of hormones)
Production and secretion of pituitary hormones can be influenced
by emotions and change of seasons
To do this the hypothalamus sends information sensed by the brain
(Temperature, light exposure, feelings) to the pituitary

14. Pituitary cont... Pituitary also secretes Endorphins which aid in
Pain relief
Pituitary cont...
The gland is separated into two sections
Anterior Lobe
Posterior Lobe
Anterior lobe regulates the activity of the thyroid, adrenals, a reproductive glands, bone growth, and skin (It secretes 6 different hormones)
It produces:
Growth hormone (GH) – One of the most important hormones, stimulates all the tissues in the body to grow this includes bones (Effects protein formation)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) – Stimulates sex glands in both sexes to either produce ripe eggs or mature sperm
Thyrotrophin (TSH) - which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Responsible for overall metabolism of the body
ACTH or Corticotrophin – Effects the stereroid hormones (Adrenal) that control
Stress response
Also controls melanocytes – causing more melanin to be produced

15. The posterior lobe Releases Antidiuretic Hormones (ADH)
helps control the balance of water in the body. Permits more water
To be stored by the body (Kidneys are affected)
Oxytocin – aids in the release of milk from mammary glands as
well as controls uterine contractions during child birth
The pituitary gland also controls ovulation
and menstrual cycle in women as well as
secreting hormones to the reproductive system
To make sex hormones
(Gonadotrophins)

18. Thyroid The thyroid has the Only cells of the body
That can absorb iodine
Thyroid
Located in the front part of the lower neck, is shaped like a bow tie or butterfly
Produces the thyroid hormones thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine try-eye-uh-doe-thy-ruh-neen(T3)
Number has to do with amount of iodine molecules
These hormones control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to produce energy
The more thyroid hormone in a persons body
the faster chemical reactions occur in the body
Thyroid hormones also play a role in bone growth and brain / nervous
system in young children. Affects Mood and Memory!

19. Thyroid hormones build
strong bones and develop
the brain and nervous
system
People with hypothyroidism
Do not produce enough thyroid hormone
To maintain proper metabolic functioning

21. Parathyroids
Attached to the thyroid the parathyroid are 4 tiny glands which
regulate the amount of calcium in your blood. This
Gland acts on the bones of your body.
Though the parathyroids are attached and sometimes found
Inside the thyroid but have no relation
This system is important because calcium allows
Normal conduction of electrical currents along
Nerves… it is how our nervous system works!
Calcitonin

22. Parathyroid Calcium production is also important…
The brain works on fluxes of calcium into and out of the nerve cells
Calcium is the primary element which causes our muscles to contract

23. Quiz What is the main purpose of the endocrine system?
What is the proper name for the master switch? Why is it called the master switch?
Name the two hormones that the posterior lobe secretes.
What hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland, what does it control?

24. Adrenal Glands Two triangular glands found on top of each kidney
There are two sections to each gland
Adrenal cortex - The outer part that regulates salt and water
balance in the body… also plays minimal roles in the bodies use of fats /
Proteins as well as inflammatory reactions of the immune system
Adrenal medulla - The inner part that increase blood pressure
and heart rate when stress level rises (Norepinephrine / Epinephrine)
AKA Adrenaline or catecholamines (kat-tuh-ko-luh-meenz)

26. Pineal Gland Located in the middle of the brain
Secretes melatonin a hormone that helps you regulate
when you sleep at night or when you wake up in the morning

27. Gonads
Both Girls and Guys have gonads; Testes in males Ovaries in females
Produce androgens a male sex hormone also testosterone (Males)
Produce estrogen and progesterone (Females)
Control development of sex characteristics in both males and
females

29. Various "Ballas" of the Endocrine System
Although the endocrine glands are the body's main hormone producers, some other organs not in the endocrine system - such as the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and skin - also produce and release hormones
Pancreases - Produces insulin and glucagon which work
together to maintain the proper sugar level in the blood
And supply the body with energy
Islets of Langerhans - cell clusters responsible for controlling
glucose production

31. That was a lot of information but what does the Endocrine System do?
I am glad you asked

32. Once a hormone is secreted it travels through the blood
stream to the designated cells
These are called TARGET CELLS
On the way to the target cells certain proteins
join on to the hormones to control how much
of the hormone is used by the target cells
Each hormone has it’s own designated receptor site (Target Cell)
once it locks in, the combination gives chemical instructions
to the inner workings of the cell

33. For Example lets say that your body was in a situation where
When hormone levels reach a certain normal amount, the endocrine system helps the body to keep that level of hormone in the blood
For Example lets say that your body was in a situation where
It needed to produce more sex hormone
The Hypothalamus receives information from monitoring cells
The hypothalamus then produces gonadotrophin to the pituitary
The pituitary releases gonadotrophin
This LH finds it’s ways to the testes and levels begin to rise
The turning off process or regulation of hormone is called
a negative feedback system

34. Lets take a look on-line at
Endocrine System

35. Is the Endocrine System perfect like Mr. Hak, or can things go wrong?

36. To much or to little of any hormone can be bad for your body
For example, if the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a teen may grow excessively tall. If it produces too little, a teen may be unusually short
Doctors can usually control the endocrine system by regulating
the production of hormones or by using medications