1. Do Now: pg 345 1-3 Analyzing Data

2. HW REVIEW
Which disorder can be seen in a karyotype? (colorblindness/trisomy 21/cystic fibrosis/sickle cell)
Which is a direct result of nondisjunction? (sickle cell/turner/huntington/CF)
If you cross homozygous A blood with AB blood, what are chances of kid will have B blood? (0,50,75,100)
Cystic fibrosis is a gen disorder caused by? (Base substitution, deletion of A.Acid, defective gene on x, trisomy)
Study of whole genomes, including genes and their functions is called (life science/genomics)
How is Sickle Cell ever beneficial?

3. 12.1 Identifying the Substance of Genes
Lesson Overview
12.1 Identifying the Substance of Genes

4. Bacterial Transformation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LU71ubTCZA
Griffith’s Experiments Transformation: Process by which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

5. Avery figures out cause of transformation
Deducted that DNA is the transforming factor
DNA STORES AND TRANSMITS GENTIC INFO

6. Bacterial Viruses https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9JQURwseIY
Bacteriophage: kind of virus that infects bacteria

7. Role of DNA Store Information Copy Information
Transmitting information

8. Lesson Overview
12.2 The Structure of DNA

9. Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides
Nucleic acids (aka DNA) are made up of nucleotides (3 parts)
-5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
-.Phosphate Group
- Nitrogenous Base

10. Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides
DNA’s nucleotides are made up of three basic components:
a deoxyribose (sugar)
a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base.

11. Nitrogenous Bases and Covalent Bonds
DNA has four kinds of bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).

12. Chargaff’s Base Pairing Rules
Chargaff’s Rules:
A T
C G

13. Pair the bases BELOW EACH SETbased on Chargaff’s rule:
TRY CHARGAFF’S RULE
Pair the bases BELOW EACH SETbased on Chargaff’s rule:
1. ATCGGGTCCTTT 2.TCAAAGTTCCAG

14. Franklin’s X-Rays Rosalind Franklin took X-ray like pictures of DNA.
Her X-ray pictured showed that DNA has double helix (twisted ladder) shape.

15. The Work of Watson and Crick
James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with discovering the shape of DNA and calling it a double helix.

16. The Double HELIX shape of DNA
-Like a Twisted Ladder
-2 Strands
-Strands are Antiparallel
-Run in opposite directions

17. What the heck holds the 2 strands together??????
Hydrogen bonds hold the two separate strands together.
A – T
C – G
ALL VIA H BONDS

19. Do Now Notes What are the 3 key roles of DNA
What is a nucleotide made of?
Why are hydrogen bonds essential to the structure of DNA

20. Lesson Overview
12.3 DNA Replication

21. The Replication Process
Replication makes an EXACT copy of the DNA in the nucleus so that it can be given to new cells when they divide
Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template, or model, for the new strand.

22. The Replication Process
1) The enzyme, helicase, separates or “unzips” the two strands.

23. The Replication Process
2) New bases are added by the enzyme DNA polymerase.

24. The Replication Process
Each resulting DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand.

25. The Role of Enzymes
The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is called DNA polymerase.
1) adds new DNA nucleotides.
2) “proofreads” each new DNA strand.

26. Telomeres The tips of chromosomes are known as telomeres.
Over time, DNA may actually be lost from telomeres each time a chromosome is replicated.
An enzyme called telomerase adds short DNA sequences to telomeres.
This makes it less likely that important genes will be lost from the telomeres during replication.

27. Watch dna replication

28. Paper Lab- Day 1 construct DNA
-We will be using this poster board for multiple assignments so put this assignment as far left as you can go
-Your title is DNA STRAND
-You will need to:
a. Color
b. Make a color key
c. Cut, Arrange, and Glue colored cut-outs to board

29. DNA REPLICATION PAPER-LAB
Materials: Text pg 345, large construction paper, 12 sugar cut outs, 12 phosphate cut outs, 12 Nitrogen base cut outs (you decide), scissors, glue, coloring supplies
COLORING AND KEY: EVERYTHING IS TO BE COLORED AND COLOR CODED.
MAKE A KEY SHOWING WHAT COLORS REPRESENT ALL PARTS OF DNA (YOU PICK THE COLORS)
-PHOSPHATE -CYTOSINE
-SUGAR -THYMINE
-ADENINE -GUANINE
2. Make DNA Template strand: arrange on desk 6 nucleotides (any bases you want) so that they are connected to make a DNA template (THEY SYMBOLS ON THE CUTOUTS MATCH UP!!). Have teacher check, then glue to far left side of posterboard.
3. Make Complementary Strand: arrange on desk 6 nucleotides that will perfectly with the template strand. TO MAKE NITROGEN BASES FIT, THEY WILL NEED TO BE TURNED UPSIDE DOWN FOR THIS STRAND!!!!!!