1. HEIAN Japan
平安時代

2. 794ADE to 1185ADE
The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, (KYO=Peace) This city is now called Kyoto! Although the Imperial House of Japan (Soga uji) had power on the surface, the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara uji, a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the Emperor of Japan.

3. Byōdō-in Phoenix Hall, built in the 11th century during the Heian period of Japan.

4. Period of classic Japan (peaceful) Started with the Fujiwara uji
Government thrived
Golden Age-
Created a true language
Culture different from Korea and China
New Upper Class
Makoto- simplicity
Miyabi- courtliness

5. Tale of Genji (first novel)

6. Lady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.

7. Heian Period: Cultural Borrowing
Chinese writing.
Chinese artistic styles.
Buddhism [in the form of ZEN].
BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! 

8. Top “dude” was the tenno-Divine Emperor
Tenno was selected by the sun goddess Amaterasu (until end of WW2)
Population
Japan- 5 million vs. China 165 million
A handscroll painting dated circa 1130, illustrating a scene from the "Bamboo River"
chapter of the Tale of Genji.

9. Outside of Kyoto, the emperor (tenno) was weak
Outside of Kyoto, the emperor (tenno) was weak. The council of State controlled much of the emperor’s domain.
Regional chiefs replaced by governors of the provinces (66)

11. The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society

12. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service Japan:
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Land - Shoen
Daimyo
Daimyo
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant

13. Code of Bushido
Fidelity
Politeness
Virility
Simplicity

14. At first samurai were lacking BUSHIDO
“The way of the warrior”
Samurai were often illiterate and not well trained. They do not become “classy” until the 1600s.
At first they are loyal to the emperor but they then become attached to the local aristocracy.
They will fight as a separate class for over 1,000 years.

15. Zen Buddhism
A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China.
It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.

17. In 1068 the Fujiwara failed to control Go-Sanjo ( a governor)
In 1068 the Fujiwara failed to control Go-Sanjo ( a governor). He refused to pay taxes.
In 1086, he left and formed a new government in Insei where his descendants ruled until 1156.

18. In the 12 century TWO clans became more powerful then the Fujiwara
They were families with military and aristocracy backgrounds

19. Taira uji replaced many Fujiwara nobility VS.
Minamoto uji brought together Northern Islands (Honshu, Shikuko) in 2 wars
1. Early 9 Years War ( )
2. Late 3 Years War ( )

20. Minamoto 源
Seiryoji, a temple in Kyoto, was once a villa of Minamoto no Toru

21. 1. Emperor Saga
2. The Minamoto clan was also called the Genji Clan (源氏), using the alternate pronunciation of the Chinese characters for Minamoto (gen) and uji, or family (ji).
3. 49 children!!!

22. Taira clan 平氏
Heike Gohst by Utagawa Kuniyoshi

23. 1. The Taira clan is often referred to as Heike (平家, literally House of Taira ), using the character's Chinese reading hei.
Emperor Kammu (tennō) was the 50th emperor of Japan.

24. The 2 families fought in the Heiji War (1159)
Taira Kiyomori won and controlled Japan from ! Emperor Nijo escaping from the Imperial Palace

25. The Gempi War
Minamoto clan VS.
Taira clan

26. Minamoto Yoritomo VS. Taira Kiyomori

28. Minamoto Yoritomo
becomes
SHOGUN…
“Highest Military
Officer”

29. The Taira clan was destroyed, and the Minamoto victory was followed by the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate. Though Minamoto Yoritomo was not the first to ever hold the title of Shogun, he was the first to wield it in a role of nationwide scope. The end of the Gempi War and beginning of the Kamakura shogunate marked the rise of military (samurai) power and the suppression of the power of the emperor, who was forced to live without effective political or military power, until the Meiji Restoration over 650 years later.
In addition, this war and its aftermath established red and white, the colors of the Taira and Minamoto, respectively, as Japan's national colors. Today, these colors can be seen on the flag of Japan.