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Camouflage, Mimicry and Adaptations
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Adaptations Camouflage is a type of animal adaptation.
What is an adaptation? An adaptation is something that helps animals survive better.
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What do animals need in order to survive?
Shelter – safety Water Oxygen Food Space
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Think about the way you dress in the winter.
You don’t wear your shorts and bathing suit when it’s snowing outside! You wear warm clothes, and maybe even a hat and mittens to protect yourself from the weather.
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And what if you are having a snowball fight?
You probably run away from the person throwing at you, and maybe even try to sneak up on that person and throw some snowballs!
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The way you dress in the winter, as well as the way that you run and hide from someone throwing snow at you are kinds of … Adaptations.
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We can separate adaptations into two categories:
Physical AND Behavioral
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Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.
are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species. Hey! I’m a walking stick. I look just like a stick you’d find on the ground. Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment. © A. Weinberg
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Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding)
Physical adaptation Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding) The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Can you do that?
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(looking or sounding like another living organism)
Physical adaptation Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living organism) The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart? I’m the Viceroy! Not poisonous Poisonous I’m the Monarch!
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Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)
Physical adaptation Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)
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Physical adaptations Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth) The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up.
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Behavioral Adaptations…
Now let’s learn about Behavioral Adaptations… Behavioral Adaptations allow animals to respond to life needs.
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Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions.
Remember that Physical Adaptations are body structures. Each organism has unique methods of adapting to its environment by means of different actions.
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We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups:
Instinctive Learned These behaviors happen naturally & don’t have to be learned. These behaviors must be taught.
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Animal Adaptations A106 & A107 Lesson Outline p.71
Have students on their own or in pairs read about Adaptations and answer the questions. If extra time start research with sites listed.
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Adaptations Report You will be given time to research and report on animal adaptations. You will have many sites to available to go to. Read the information about the animals you are interested in and summarize it in one sentence to put on your reporting sheet. Your teacher will determine how many animals you should be able to report on depending upon the time available.
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Camouflage Have you ever wondered why animals have spots, strips, or certain colors? Sometimes an animal’s colors can be a difference between life and death. Animals use their colors or shapes to blend into the environment. What is this called?
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Find the critters! See if you can find the camouflaged animals in these pictures. The animals you are looking for are a deer, frog, and quail. Quail
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Look closely to find this animal!
Deer!
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Can you see the frog?
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Prowling is one way I look for my prey.
I am a predator. I live in the Arctic. I am a mammal. “Polar Bear”
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I am a large predator. I stalk my prey. I hunt large animals. I belong to the large cat family. “Leopard”
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I am a bird of prey. I use my sharp talons to grab my prey. I am the national symbol for the United States. My babies are called eaglets. “Bald Eagle”
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I am red and live in the ocean.
I use camouflage to survive among the seaweed. I look like a horse. The male carries the babies. “Red Sea horse”
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I only come out at night. I look like a bandit. I am a mammal. I am an omnivore, it means I eat small animals, fruits and plants. “Raccoon”
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My babies are called pups.
I hunt in groups called packs. I have very sharp teeth. I am related to the dog family. “Gray Wolf”
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A group of us are called a pod.
I am a predator. I have sharp teeth. I have “killer” in my name. “Orca (Killer Whale)”
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I am the wariest in open spaces.
Camouflage is important for me to survive. The babies are called Fawns. I am a prey. “White Tail Deer”
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I am a mammal. I drink blood from animals. I fly in huge groups. I live in caves. “Vampire Bat”
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I hunt large mammals. I can run up to 60 miles per hour. I am a predator. Stalking is my best way to follow my prey. “Cheetah”
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I am a reptile. I am a poisonous. Slithering is how move around. The sides of my head spread open. “King Cobra”
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I have not changed since the dinosaur times.
I am a predator. Sometimes I use the deep blue waters to become invisible. I eat fish, seals, whales and other sharks. “Great White Shark”
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I am a predator. I hunt large animals. I stalk my unwary prey. The female does most of the hunting. “Lion”
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I hunt in packs. I eat small mammals. I have babies called pups. Stalking is one way I catch my prey. “Coyote”
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I am a predator. I can eat medium and large animals. I belong to the large cat family. My home is in the snowy mountains. “Snow Leopard”
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I live in the Nile River in Africa.
I lay my eggs in a nest. I am a predator. I blend in with the brown muddy waters. “Nile Crocodile”
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I change my coat from brown in the summer to white in the winter.
I live in the Arctic. I can hunt for my unwary prey. I am a mammal. “Arctic Fox”
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Mimicry Animals may also try to look like another animals.
For example, non poisonous snakes will rattle their tale and flatten their head to look poisonous to a predator. This is called Mimicry, where an animal tries to mimic or copy another. Which snake is poisonous?
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Other forms of mimicry…
Another example of mimicry involves the monarch butterfly, which is toxic and very nasty to eat. Its bright orange coloration is a warning to birds to leave it alone. The non-toxic viceroy butterfly has colors and wing patterns that are very similar to those of the monarch and so most birds won’t take a chance by taste-testing it!
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How would you describe yourself?
What do you look like? Think about your personality, how do you act? What are your likes and dislikes? Some of these traits are passed down by your parents, and others you learn on your own © LoveLearning 2014
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Traits Every living thing has traits that make it unique
A trait is a quality or characteristic of a living thing Red hair, shape of a leaf, color of your eyes © LoveLearning 2014
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Heredity- Passing inherited traits from parents to offspring
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Inherited Traits Animals and plants have inherited traits also
Two black cats will have black kittens Seeds from a pink rose bush will produce more pink rose bushes An apple tree produces apples © LoveLearning 2014
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Let’s determine some of your inherited traits:
© LoveLearning 2014
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Do you have attached or detached earlobes?
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Do you have attached or detached earlobes?
Do you cross your right thumb over your left thumb, or your left thumb over your right thumb?
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Do you have attached or detached earlobes? Can your roll your tongue?
Do you cross your right thumb over your left thumb, or your left thumb over your right thumb? Can your roll your tongue?
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Do you have attached or detached earlobes? Can your roll your tongue?
Do you cross your right thumb over your left thumb, or your left thumb over your right thumb? Can your roll your tongue? Do you have dimples?
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Do you have attached or detached earlobes? Can your roll your tongue?
Do you cross your right thumb over your left thumb, or your left thumb over your right thumb? Can your roll your tongue? Do you have dimples? Are your right-handed or left-handed?
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Do you have attached or detached earlobes? Can your roll your tongue?
Do you cross your right thumb over your left thumb, or your left thumb over your right thumb? Can your roll your tongue? Do you have dimples? Are your right-handed or left-handed? Do you have freckles? Do you have naturally curly hair?
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Do you have attached or detached earlobes? Can your roll your tongue?
Do you cross your right thumb over your left thumb, or your left thumb over your right thumb? Can your roll your tongue? Do you have dimples? Are your right-handed or left-handed? Do you have freckles? Do you have naturally curly hair? Do you have a widow’s peak?
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Do you have attached or detached earlobes? Can your roll your tongue?
Do you cross your right thumb over your left thumb, or your left thumb over your right thumb? Can your roll your tongue? Do you have dimples? Are your right-handed or left-handed? Do you have freckles? Do you have naturally curly hair? Do you have a widow’s peak? Is your second toe longer than your big toe?
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How does it all happen? How do babies inherit their parents’ traits?
Why do robin eggs hatch into robins and not eagles? Why do deer have fawns and not rabbits? © LoveLearning 2014
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Genes Traits move from parents to their offspring through genes
A gene is a tiny part of a cell that contains traits Genes contain instructions that control the growth of that plant or animal Ex. Every human has genes that control hair color The instructions in those genes are different (black, red, blonde) © LoveLearning 2014
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Genes Birds have genes that control their size, shape, and color
Hawk’s genes: hooked beak, sharp claws to tear apart mice and other small animals Plants have genes to control size, shape, and color of its leaves © LoveLearning 2014
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How Genes Work Genes come in pairs
Fathers have XY genes, mothers have XX genes One gene from mom combines with one gene from dad When they combine, the baby then has two genes (XX = girl, XY = boy) The baby may inherit the mother’s dimples and the father’s curly hair Father Mother XY XX Baby XX © LoveLearning 2014
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= Instinctive behaviors happen naturally & don’t need to be learned
Methods of gathering & storing food Hibernating Defending oneself Finding shelter Raising young Migrating
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Monarchs migrate to the same spot in Mexico every year that their great, great, great grandparents migrated to the year before.
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Animals preparing for winter, birds protecting eggs and babies…
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Animal Behavior Inherited behavior or instinct Learned behavior
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Learned behaviors Obtained by interacting with the environment and cannot be passed on to the next generation except by teaching. =
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Learned Behaviors What is something that you are better at doing than other members of your family? You learned how to do this, you did not inherit it from your parents We learn many behaviors: Riding a bike, making a sandwich, using good manners Animals: Raccoons learn to open trash cans Birds learn where the best bird feeders are
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Learned Behaviors A mother bear will show her cubs how to find berries for food A pet cat may learn that food appears in its bowl after it hears the sound of a can opener Humans learn how to speak © LoveLearning 2014
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