1. Research Methods
RQ1: Do greeting expressions mean differently in different pragmatic contexts?
Instrument / Software
Purpose
Analysis
Textbooks &
Good-Go Film-corpus
Collect data
Based on the contexts ( discourse approach)

2. Research Methods
RQ2: What intonation properties can help generalize the pragmatic distinction in each greeting expression?
Instrument / Software
Purpose
Analysis
Praat software
Divide the utterances
into segments
Huang’s software
Gain pitch & slope
values
EXCEL
Draw intonation contours
Categorize the pitch movement
Combine with the results of RQ1

3. Research Methods
RQ3: To what extent do the college students’ perceptive knowledge and productive performance about pragmatic meanings and intonations differ from textbooks and films?
Instrument / Software
Purpose
Analysis
Oral recording
Gain productive outcomes
Same procedure as RQ2
Checklist
Gain perceptive outcomes
SPSS (frequencies)
Compare the orders

4. Results of How Are You Pragmatic meanings in textbooks:
 3 functions: (1) attitudinal (2) indexical (3) discourse
 show politeness, passion, higher social status,
long time no see, normal greeting
Pragmatic meanings in films:
 also express surprise, shyness, recognize speakers’ relationship, hi, accosting, asking the progress, asking for reply

5. Results of How Are You The order from unmarked to more marked
 from the pragmatics perspective:
(1) normal greeting
(2) passion, politeness (greeting back)
(3) higher position greet lower one, long time no see
(4) politeness (to elders), shyness, surprise, meeting new friends, good relationship
(5) hi, accosting, asking the progress, asking for reply

6. Results of How Are You In terms of intonation pattern:
 3 patterns in textbook:
 2 more extra patterns in films:
1. People could show their enthusiasm by raising their tone.
2. A falling tone could convey formal or serious attitude.
3. A rising-falling tone could show speakers’ sincerity.
4. A falling-rising tone could be more basic so that it could convey dramatic feelings such as surprise or delight.
5. People who have good relationships tended to use a level tone (not in the textbook).

7. Results of How Are You The order from unmarked to more marked
 from the intonation perspective:
(1) rising or falling tone
(2) rising-falling tone
(3) level tone
(4) falling-rising tone

8. Results of How Are You  Pragmatic meanings (1) normal greeting
 College students’ perception:
 Pragmatic meanings
(1) normal greeting
(2) hi, long time no see
(3) meeting new friends, passion, good relationship, asking for reply
(4) surprise, accosting, higher position greet lower one, politeness (to elders),
(5) shyness, asking the progress

9. Results of How Are You  College students’ perception:
 from the intonation perspective:
common (1) rising-falling tone
(2) falling tone & rising tone &
(3) falling-rising tone
uncommon (4) level tone

10. Results of How Do You Do Pragmatic meanings in textbooks:
 3 functions: (1) attitudinal (2) indexical (3) discourse
 show hi, politeness, passion, social status
Pragmatic meanings in films:
 also express elegance, normal greeting with
response

11. Results of How Do You Do Pragmatic meanings in textbooks and films:
the order from unmarked to more marked
(1) hi
(2) passion (R-F)
(3) be polite (R-F), higher position (F/ L)
(4) normal greeting with response, being elegant (-R)

12. Results of How Do You Do In terms of intonation pattern:
 patterns in textbook:
rising, falling, rising-falling, falling-rising-falling tone
more extra patterns in films:
rising, falling, rising-falling, rising-falling-rising, level tone

13. Results of How Do You Do Intonation patterns in textbooks and films:
the order from unmarked to more marked
(1) rising tone & rising-falling tone
(2) falling tone
(3) falling-rising-falling tone
(4) rising-falling-rising tone

14. Results of How Do You Do  Pragmatic meanings
 College students’ opinions:
 Pragmatic meanings
(1) normal greeting with response
(2) hi, being polite
(3) passion
(4) being elegant, higher position

15. Results of How Do You Do  from the intonation perspective:
 College students’ perception:
 from the intonation perspective:
common (1) rising-falling tone & rising tone
(2) falling tone
(3) falling-rising-falling tone
uncommon (4) level tone
(5) rising-falling-rising tone

16. Results of How Do You Do
 College students’ oral production of intonation pattern:
common (1) falling-rising-falling tone
(2) falling tone
(3) rising-falling tone & falling-rising tone
uncommon (4) rising-falling-rising tone & rising tone
(5) level tone *

17. Conclusion
Film could apply much more contexts and thus convey more pragmatic meanings.
A rising tone could convey politeness or passion attitude.
A falling tone could convey a feeling of formality, seriousness or politeness.
A rising-falling tone shows “ politeness” and “saying hi”.
A falling-rising and a level tone share the same meaning “ saying hi” and “normal greeting with a response”. 

18. Conclusion
The outcomes of perceptual task were quite close to norm (textbooks and films).
Students’ perceptive knowledge and productive performance were quite inconsistent. (big gap)
Teachers should mention the pragmatic meanings and teach students to use variety tones to express their feelings, emotions and intentions. ( adding contexts)

19. Significance of the Study
Pinpointing that the simple greetings could be complex with many meanings and intonation patterns.
From pedagogical facet, teachers and students should regard pragmatic meanings behind the intonation properties.
Knowing to what extent college students know the greetings and examine whether the results correspond to CAH and SLM.

20. My Critique
The data collection from textbooks and films are abundant, but more students’ recording samples can be included.
It is suggest that students do the oral recording within meaningful context instead of single sentence of how are you or how do you do.
Native speakers’ perception of pragmatic meaning and intonation pattern of the two target sentences can be involved in this research.