1. BIBLIOGRAPHIC INSTRUCTION

2. Introduction
Bibliographic instruction is training that is offered to students to achieve the following objectives:
To train library users to be independent in searching for information.
unveils the information world to students.
Empowers students with self confidence to become life long leaners.
Strives to meet the information literacy competency standards for higher education.
Enhances the quality of students work ( improve students’ research ability)

3. Library Services Client Services Information Services Main reserve
Government Documents
Africana Reserve
Law Reserve
Subjects Librarians
Client Services
Main reserve
Circulation Desk
Inter- Library Loan

4. Information sources in the library
Books and eBooks
Audio visuals
Periodicals(journals, newspapers, and magazines)
Print and Online Reference Sources
CD Roms
Video Cassettes
Subscribed Databases
Internet

5. LIBRARY CATALOGUE

6. Library catalogue
The Library catalogue is a register of all bibliographic items found in a library or group of libraries. A bibliographic item can be any information entity (e.g., books and audio visuals, etc.) that is considered Library material.
The Library catalogue enables the users to view the collection from Turfloop, Mankweng and Polokwane Libraries.
Users are able to select or limit their search to a preferred Library.

7. The Library catalogue can be accesses in two ways
URL Access
Click on ‘internet explorer’
Type in this address
or click here
on the address bar Press enter
The library catalogue screen will appear
University Website Access
Click on ‘internet explorer’
Type in this address in the address bar
Press enter
Click on Library
Click Library Catalogue
The library catalogue screen will appear

9. Address of the book on the shelf Availability of the book
Where book is located
Address of the book on the shelf
Availability of the book

10. Search results
The previous slide shows the copy status of the record, which consists of the location, call no and the status of the book.
Location - the place where the book is located e.g.
Main reserve
Africana
Turfloop main open stack
Law reserve
Government document
Turfloop management open stack
Call number – a group of numbers put together to tell you where on the library shelves to find your book ( address of the book on the shelves). Call number comprises of numbers and alphabets.
E.g SHA
822.1 stands for class number
SHA stands for the first three letters of the author’s surname

11. Search results cont. Status
In some cases the call numbers will start with the following prefix:
A- Africana e.g. A ACH
AV-Audio Visual e.g. AV MAI
G- Government documents e.g.
G INT
R- Reference e.g. R DOR
T-Thesis e.g. T CHA
Status
The status indicates the availability of the resources searches.
It can either be the following-
Due date
Available
Bindery
On order
Ask for assistance
Withdrawn
Missing

12. Other functions on the catalogue
Added functions for library users

13. ELECTRONIC DATABASE

14. Electronic databases
It is a computer-based collection or listing of information, usually organized with searchable elements or fields. The most common type of library database consists of records describing articles in journals or newspapers.
A database could be as simple as an alphabetical arrangement of names in an address book or as complex as a database that provides information in a combination of formats.
Some databases are available to users freely without a subscription, e.g. JSTOR, SAFLII etc.

15. Types of databases
Bibliographic databases: Offer citations of articles in magazines, journals, and newspapers. Some may also contain Abstracts, e.g. ISAP on Sabinet, Science Citation Index etc.
Full text Databases: contain full text of articles in different formats such as PDF or HTML format, e.g. Sciencedirect, SA e-publications etc.
Numeric databases: Provide numeric data such as statistics, survey results, census information, e.g. Stats SA.
NB. The library subscribes to a number of online databases which can be accessed through internet using Username & Password.
Click here for list of databases

16. Electronic databases can be accessed in two ways
URL Access example:
Click on ‘internet explorer’
Type in this address in the address bar
Press enter
The screen on the next slide will appear.
University Website example:
Click on ‘internet explorer’
Type in this address in the address bar
Press enter
Click on library
Click on e-resources and click on databases to select the database of your choice. E.g.
The screen on the next slide will appear.

17. Search all databases simultaneously
Select and Search from sub databases

18. EBSCOhost Web
Click on EBSCOhost web to be able to view and select

19. The above screen shows the sub databases.
You select the preferred sub database/s as shown above.
Click “continue” button and the search screen on the next slide will appear.

21. Search tips Identify keywords in a topic.
Limit the search by language, publication date or place
Use Boolean logic operators: AND, OR, NOT
Always use related words and synonyms
Click here for search tips

22. Enter search terms

23. Search results

24. Refine or limiting your results
You can refine or limit your results by using the following options:
Full text
Date
Scholarly peer reviewed journal
Relevance
Select one option depending on your needs

26. Search results
Click on the magnifying icon or the title to read the abstract
Click on pdf to open the full text document

27. Print, email and save the document

28. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY

29. Copyright
Copyright is a law that gives ownership over the works one has created.
The ownership that copyright law grants comes with the following exclusive rights for the owner :
to reproduce the work
to prepare derivative works
to distribute copies
to perform the work
to display the work publicly

30. Works protected by copyright
Copyright protects the form of expression of a creator against
copying which include the following:
Literary Works
Musical Works
Artistic Works
Cinematograph Films
Broadcasts
Programme-carrying signals
Sound Recordings
Published editions
Computer Programs

31. Works not protected by copyright
Some works, including the following, are not eligible for copyright
protection:
Short phrases
Single words
Works not in a tangible format (for example, ideas)
Names and titles
Slogans
Commonly-known facts that are not the subject of original authorship

32. Students are prohibited to:
Make multiple copies for commercial purposes
Scan, adapt, translate or convert information into different
formats without permission
Place copyright-protected works onto any web-page without
prior permission
Photocopy more than 10% of a book or journal
Reproduce sheet music, videos, tapes, CDs, DVDs, films, sound recordings, etc. without prior permission.

33. What is Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the act of using another person's writing, conversation, song, or even idea and passing it off as your own without crediting the original owner.
This includes information from web pages, books, songs, television shows, messages, interviews, articles, artworks or any other medium.

34. Types of Plagiarism
Verbatim Copying: Material is copied word for word with no acknowledgement of the sources of the text
Straight Plagiarism: Changes capitalization or sentence structure. A word may be added or deleted
Patch Writing: Copying a few sentences from different sources
Collusion: Using another student’s work with their permission
Purloining: Taking work from another student without their permission
Ghost Writing: Work is written by someone else and presented as the student’s own.

35. Continuation Types of Plagiarism
Ghost Writing: Work is written by someone else and presented as the student’s own.
Recycling: Presenting your own work to be assessed more than once
Make-up referencing: False details about the source or the Author
For more information about Plagiarism click here

36. Turnitin: Anti-plagiarism software
Is a web-based plagiarism detection software owned by Turnitin.com.
Turnitin is a anti-plagiarism software which is used to identify matches in uploaded documents against other sources.
Turnitin has a large database consisting of millions of web pages, books, journals, papers and previously submitted documents.
It is used by Universities to help identify potential plagiarism in student-submitted work.
Turnitin can be used to teach students how to properly acknowledge quotations

37. How does Turnitin work Students can:
Submit assignment or research paper to Turnitin as a draft
See original report
Correct plagiarism errors and submit assignment or research report
The lecturer will create a link to submit the assignment or research with the course code or name.
N.B. See link below.

38. Turnitin link within Blackboard

39. REFERENCING TECHNIQUES
Referencing is precisely describing, listing and referring to the sources at the appropriate places in the text.
A reference list:
is placed at the end of an assignment.
includes all the references that you have cited in the text of your assignment.
is arranged alphabetically by author.
format of a reference list depends on the type of reference used. Always use the correct format for each reference used.

40. The purposes of acknowledging sources are:
To allow other people (researchers, lecturers, colleagues) reading your work to be able to access the original source and make a follow – up reading
To serve as evidence on which your statements, arguments, assertions, ideas, conclusions, and information are based.
To avoid plagiarism
It is therefore important to acknowledge sources correctly and accurately.

41. Types of Referencing Styles
The UL prefers the Harvard and Vancouver referencing styles
For Harvard referencing style click here
For Vancouver referencing style here
N.B. Check with your lecturer which referencing style you should use.

42. IN-TEXT REFERENCING/CITING
When you cite (identify) references in the text of your report or essay using the Harvard Style, you should include the following pieces of information.
Surname(s) of the author or authors
Year of publication
Pages numbers if appropriate
The sentence starts with the surname of the author followed by the date and page reference in round brackets. Example of how to cite