2. Algorithm
Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula or set of instruction for solving a problem
Its written in English language or natural language
Characteristic of Algorithm
It has finite number of inputs
It terminates aft6er a finite number of steps
Instruction are precise and unambiguous
Operation specified can be done exactly and in finite amount of time
There might be multiple input for a single output

3. Factor which determines Quality of Algorithm:
Algorithm should be relative fast
(number of steps to be minimum)
Cost consideration for implementation should be minimum

4. Pseudocode It is an Intermediate code
Pseudo – Imitation & code – set of instruction written in programming language
It emphasize the design aspects of computer program
Pseudocode is also called as PDL (Program Design Language)
half between English and programming language

5. Pseudocode Keywords Input – Read, Prompt and obtain
Initialize - Set, Initialize
Output – Display , Print
Add one - increment

6. Flowcharts flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm
It illustrates the sequence of operations to be performed to get the solution of a problem
It is a blue print

7. Flow chart symbols

8. Guidelines for flow chart
`requirement should be in logical order
It should clear, neat and easy to follow
Direction (left to right, top to bottom)
It should have logical start and end
To reduce the flow line usage of connector is important
Intersection of flow line should be avoided
In process symbol only one flow line should come out of it
And only one flow line should enter the decision box
Only one flow line should be used in conjunction with terminal symbol

9. Advantages Communication Makes logic easier Effective analysis
Proper documentation
Efficient coding
Proper debugging and testing
Efficient program maintenance

10. Limitations Complex logic Alteration and modification
Reproduction – design
Cost and time factor
No updating

11. Example Algorithm and flowchart
Example . Design an algorithm and the corresponding flowchart for adding the test
scores as given below:
26, 49, 98, 87, 62, 75

12. Algorithm Step 1. Start Step 2. Sum = 0
Step 3. Get the first testscore
Step 4. Add first testscore to sum
Step 5. Get the second testscore
Step 6. Add to sum
Step 7. Get the third testscore
Step 8. Add to sum

13. Algorithm Step 9. Get the Forth testscore Step 10. Add to sum
Step 11. Get the fifth testscore
Step 12. Add to sum
Step 13. Get the sixth testscore
Step 14. Add to sum
Step 15. Output the sum
Step 16. Stop

14. Flow chart

15. Flowchart