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Functions of the Lymphatic System
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The Lymphatic System in 2 minutes
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Lymph Fluid Fluid that goes between capillary blood and tissues
Lymph in tissues = interstitial fluid Carries digested food, O2, and hormones to cells Carries waste back to capillaries for excretion Skeletal muscle action helps to squeeze lymph along
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Lymph Vessels Transport excess tissue fluid back into circulatory system Valves prevent backflow (only flows one direction) Closely parallel to veins Empties into thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct) and right lymphatic duct
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Lymph Nodes Produce lymphocytes Filter out bacteria
If substance cannot be destroyed, node will become inflamed
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Tonsils Also produce lymphocytes Combat disease from inhalation
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Spleen Produces Lymphocytes and Monocytes Filters/stores blood
Recycles old RBCs
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Thymus Produces and “trains” T Lymphocytes
Also considered endocrine gland
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Immunity Body’s ability to resist disease Natural Immunity
Acquired Immunity
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Natural Immunity Birth, inherited, permanent Unbroken skin Mucous
Tears Blood Phagocytes Local inflammation
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Acquired Immunity Body’s reaction to invaders
Passive acquired immunity: from injecting antibodies Only lasts up to a few weeks Active acquired immunity: lasts longer Natural acquired immunity- e.g. recovering from disease (body manufactures antibodies) Artificial acquired immunity- vaccinations
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Immunization ANTIGEN injected to stimulate production of ANTIBODIES
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Standard/Universal Precautions
Treating everyone as if they have potentially infectious material Used in patient care when there is potential contact with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes, or non-intact skin Includes Handwashing PPE Patient care equipment/linens
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Handwashing SINGLE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO PREVENT INFECTION
Wash after touching body fluids (even if wearing gloves) Wash after removing gloves, between patient contact SOAP and friction Wash for minimum of 10 seconds ABCs, Twinkle Twinkle, Happy Birthday
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PPE Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves: when touching blood/body fluids mask, goggles, face shield, gown, shoe covers When patient care activities can generate splashing, spray of blood/body fluids
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Patient Care Equipment/Linens
Handle with care Don’t let it touch your clothing Clean/Discard appropriately
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Occupational Health and BBP
BBP = bloodborne pathogens Be cautious with needles (when using or in the room with someone utilizing) NEVER RECAP USED NEEDLES Sharps go in a sharps container Use mouthpieces, resuscitation bags or other ventilation devices as alternative to mouth to mouth Patient with contamination risk should be in relatively isolated area
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