1. Factors, Primes & Composite Numbers

2. Product – An answer to a multiplication problem.
7 x 8 = 56
Product

3. Factor – a number that is multiplied by another to give a product.
7 x 8 = 56
Factors

4. Factor – a number that divides evenly into another.
56 ÷ 8 = 7
Factor

5. ARRANGEMENT OF COUNTERS Take 6 counters and arrange
them in different
ways

6. 1 Row × 6 Counters = 6 Counters

7. 3 Rows × 2 Counters per row = 6 Counters

8. 2 Rows × 3 counters per row = 6 counters

9. 6 Rows × 1 counter = 6 counters

10. As we can see, 6 can be written as product of two numbers in many ways: 1 × 6 = 6
2 × 3 = 6
3 × 2 = 6
6 × 1 = 6
1, 2, 3 and 6 are factors of 6

11. What are the factors?
6 x 7 = 42
6 & 7
7 x 9 = 63
7 & 9
8 x 6 = 48
8 & 6
4 & 9
4 x 9 = 36

12. What are the factors?
42 ÷ 7 = 6 7
63 ÷ 9 = 7 9
48 ÷ 6 = 8 6 9
36 ÷ 9 = 4

13. Who has heard of a Factor Rainbow?
A factor rainbow helps you find all of the factors of a number. It is called a rainbow because all of the factor pairs connect to make a rainbow!

14. How do we do it!?!?!? Making a factor rainbow is easy as pie!
Let’s try one:
Find all of the factors for the number 12.
We start by counting and seeing if a
number can be multiplied to equal 12.
How many factor pairs are there for the number 12? 3 1 2 3 4 6 12

15. One more time... 3 How many factor pairs are there for the number 18?2 3 6 9 18

16. YOU TRY!
Make factor rainbows for the following numbers and tell how many factor pairs each number has.

17. 7 Prime Number – a number that has only two factors, itself and 1.
7 is prime because the only numbers
that will divide into it evenly are 1 and 7.

18. Examples of Prime Numbers
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17
Special Note:
One is not a prime number.

19. Composite number – a number that has more than two factors.8
The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8

20. Examples of Composite Numbers
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12

21. Our Lonely 1 One is not a prime nor a composite number.
It is not prime
because it does
not have exactly
two different
factors.
It is not
composite
because it does
not have more
than 2 factors.
Special Note:
One is not a prime nor
a composite number.