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Forming a New Nation
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2.1 Notes “The Revolutionary Era”
DRQ 2.1 Name 3 founding fathers and describe what they contributed to our nation
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A. The Road to Revolution
British laws anger colonists Sugar Act, Stamp Act Quartering Act, Townshend Act Continued unrest 1773 – Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts 1770 – Boston Massacre 5 colonists killed - Crispus Attucks st Continental Congress 12 delegates meet in Philadelphia Battles of Lexington and Concord Revere warns Adams/Hancock Minutemen respond First battle of the Revolution
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B. Declaring Independence
2nd Continental Congress Jefferson, Franklin, Hancock Continental Army formed Gen. George Washington The Battle for Boston Battle of Bunker Hill Battle of Dorchester Heights Declaration of Independence Paine’s “Common Sense” Influence of Enlightenment July 4, signed Inalienable rights – “life, liberty, pursuit of happiness”
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C. The Revolution Continues
Defeats and victories defeat at New York victory at Trenton morale boost for Colonial Army British setback at Saratoga turning point in the war leads to pledge of French support Winter at Valley Forge Colonial Army faces challenges Hunger, frostbite, smallpox Test of Washington’s leadership People in the Revolution Strengths and weaknesses African Americans in the war Women at home
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D. An American Victory Marquis de Lafayette War in the West and South
aide to Washington War in the West and South Francis Marion – “swamp fox” Victory at Yorktown last battle of the war Treaty of Paris America gains independence
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Ch. 2.2 “Creating a New Government”
DRQ 2.2 Describe 3 events that led to the revolutionary war
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A. Articles of Confederation
A weak central government Articles of Confederation first form of national government Policies, relations, money, army No taxes, regulation, branches Shays Rebellion farmers rebel against state taxes showed need for new government Settling the western territories Land Ordinance plan to organize new territories Northwest Ordinance guide for admission of new states
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B. Drafting the Constitution
Constitutional Conv. delegates draft new Constitution James Madison “Father of the Constitution” Compromises at the Convention The Great Compromise Virginia and New Jersey Plan creates a bicameral Congress Three-fifths Compromise Counted slaves toward population Providing checks and balances States’ rights v. Federal authority Executive, Judicial, Legislative
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C. Ratifying the Constitution
Federalists/Anti-Federalists The Federalist Papers Madison, Hamilton, Jay Essays supporting ratification The Bill of Rights Added to Constitution First 10 Amendments Guarantees individual rights Constitution ratified
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Ch. 2.3 “Forging the New Republic”
DRQ 2.3 Describe the purpose of each of the 3 branches of our government
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A. Washington Becomes President
Washington’s cabinet State, Treasury, War Democratic-Republican party Judiciary Act of 1789 established U.S. court system Hamilton’s Financial Plan Debt, tariffs, national bank The Bank of the United States Strict constructionists limit power of the government Loose constructionists expand power of the government First political parties: Democratic-Republicans Federalists
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B. Challenges in the 1790’s The French Revolution
The Neutrality Proclamation avoid entangling alliances Jay’s Treaty - Pinckney’s Treaty settled issues with Britain settled issues with Spain Whiskey Rebellion government’s first challenge Washington asserts authority Conflicts in the NW territory Battle of Fallen Timbers Challenges for Pres. Adams John Adams - 2nd president XYZ Affair French insult to Adams/U.S. The Alien and Sedition Acts violation of 1st Amendment?
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C. Jefferson’s Presidency
Election of 1800 “Revolution of 1800” Jefferson - 3rd president 12th Amendment separate ballots for Pres./V.P. Marbury v. Madison increases power of Supreme Court can declare law unconstitutional The Louisiana Purchase doubles the size of the U.S. 1804 – Lewis & Clark expedition discovers Pacific Ocean opens new territory
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D. The War of 1812 Causes of the War of 1812
British “impressments” British assisting Native attacks “War Hawks” - demand war “2nd War of Independence” British burn White House Andrew Jackson Becomes hero at New Orleans Effects of the War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent U.S. proves itself new sense of nationalism
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