1. Community Ecology

2. Community Group of individuals from different species in a given area
Species Richness
Relative abundance

3. Shannon Index Calculates the diversity of the community
H=-(pAlnpA + pBlnpB + pClnpC+…)

4. Higher-Diversity Communities
More productive
More resistant to invasive species
Quagga and Zebra Mussels
Artichoke Thistle
ESS

5. Interspecific Interactions
Ind. # 1
Ind. # 2
Competition -
Predation +
Mutualism
Commensalism

6. Competition
Interspecific
Intraspecific

7. Competitive Exclusion Rule
Two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche

8. Resource Partitioning

9. Character Displacement

10. Predation

11. Plant Defenses Physical Chemical Thorns Spines Poisons Nicotine
Strychnine
Morphine
Tannins

12. Animal Defenses Physical Chemical Shells Horns/Antlers/Quills Teeth
Poisons
Odors

13. Animal Defenses
Cryptic Coloration
Aposematic Coloration

14. Animal Defenses
Batesian Mimicry
Mullerian Mimicry

15. Animal Defenses

16. Mutualism

17. Commensalism

18. Trophic Levels Primary Producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Quaternary Consumers

19. Trophic Levels Primary Producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Quaternary Consumers

20. Keystone Species

21. Keystone Species

22. Top-Down Model Predation controls community organization
Also called the trophic cascade model.

23. Keystone Species

24. Bottom-Up Model
Suggests direction influence from the lowest trophic levels
Control by the absence or presence of micronutrients which controls plant communities
Adding more nutrients = more biomass