1. Enum ,Char Functions& Math Library Functions I.Mona Alshehri
CPCS202- LAB4
Enum ,Char Functions& Math Library Functions
I.Mona Alshehri

2. Character functions toupper function: Header file: ctype.h Syntax:
toupper(ch)
Where ch is a character literal or variable
Job: translates character into upper case
check other function tolower from Help

3. Character functions toascii function: Header file: ctype.h Syntax:
toascii(ch)
Where ch is a character literal or variable
Job:
translates character to ascii format
to see ascii code, define integer variable

4. Character functions isdigit function: Header file: ctype.h Syntax:
isdigit(ch)
Where ch is a character literal or variable
Job:
returns nonzero if c is a digit.
Check other function isalpha, isupper, islower from Help
Example:
cout <<isdigit(‘F’)<<endl // print 0
<< isdigit(‘8’); // print any nonzero number

5. Enumeration Data Type:
Syntax:
enum model_name { value1, value2, value3, . . } ;
Example:
enum colors {black, blue, green, cyan, red, purple, yellow, white};
colors mycolor; mycolor = blue;
In fact our enumerated data type is compiled as an integer and its possible values are any type of integer constant specified. If it is not specified, the integer value equivalent to the first possible value is 0 and the following ones follow a +1 progression. Thus, in our data type colors that we defined before, black would be equivalent to 0, blue would be equivalent to 1, green to 2 and so on.

6. Math Library Functions :
Header file is: # include <math.h>
sqrt(n)
abs(n)
pow(b, n) n
b^n

7. Math Library Functions :
Syntax: function_name (argument);
Data types of arguments and returned value:
Function Arguments Return value
sqrt(n) number number
Ex: sqrt(16)  4
abs(n) ± integer number integer number
Ex: abs(-6)  6
pow(b, n) b: ± number ± number
n: ± integer number
Ex: pow(3,2)  9

8. Math Library Functions :
Syntax: function_name (argument);
Arguments can be variables or numbers.
Example1: int x= 4;
cout<<sqrt(x);  2
Example2: int y;
y = pow(2,3);
cout<<y;  8
Example3: int x,y;
x = -3;
y = 6;
cout<<abs(x);  3
cout<<abs(y);  6

9. Math Library Functions :
We can use nested functions for example:
sqrt ( pow ( abs (-4), 3) )
sqrt ( pow ( 4 , 3) )
sqrt ( 64) = 8

10. Math Library Functions :
#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <math.h> // needed for the pow function
void main() {
int x;
cout<<"Enter a number : ";
cin>>x;
cout<<endl<<x<<"\t"<<pow(x,2)<<"\t"<<pow(x,3)
getch(); } Or
int x,y,z;
y= pow(x,2) ;
z= pow(x,3) ;
cout<<endl<<x<<"\t"<<y<<"\t"<<z;

11. Example:
Calculate and display the area of a circle and the circumference.
Area of circle = 3.14 * r2
Circumference = 3.14 * 2 * r
where r is the radius
Area = 3.14 * r2
Circumference = 3.14 * 2 * r
Input
radius
output
Area, Circumference
Start
End