3. Chapter 13 - The Rise of the Middle Ages4 1 2 5 3
1. Lute Funeral Pyre
2. Sable Staves
3. Basil

4. Section 2: New Invaders

5. Section 2: New Invaders Main Idea
Invasions and migrations changed the political and cultural landscapes of western Europe during the early Middle Ages.
Objectives
Why did many Europeans fear the Vikings?
What made Magyar raids in eastern Europe so devastating to people there?
Why did Muslims raid towns in southern Europe?

6. I. The Vikings
Vikings – fierce warriors from Scandinavia in northern Europe; aka Norsemen or North men

7. I. The Vikings
Skilled at ship building, sailing, and navigation - skills that enabled them to cross oceans

8. I. The Vikings
Began as a rural, agricultural society - most worked as fishermen or farmers

9. I. The Vikings
Soil was not fertile - farmers could not grow enough grain, food shortages common

10. I. The Vikings
Viking leaders looked for new sources of food & wealth – the Viking raids began

11. I. The Vikings
1st targets – Monasteries in England and north France; were soon raiding all over Europe

12. I. The Vikings
Viking longships had a shallow draft, so even inland cities like Paris and Kiev were not safe

13. I. The Vikings
People lived in fear: Vikings gave no warning - looted, killed, captured, and sailed away

14. I. The Vikings
Monasteries were favorite targets: they held many treasures and monks weren’t warriors

15. I. The Vikings
Vikings explored/settled in Iceland, Greenland, and throughout Europe

16. I. The Vikings
According to the sagas, Leif Erickson reached North America in the 1000s

17. I. The Vikings
Vikings under Rollo kept raiding France, so king made a deal:
stop raids, defend against other Vikings
Rollo could have Normandy

18. 6 June 1944 - Normandy, France: The Invasion of Europe

19. II. The Magyars
Magyars - nomads from central Asia; fierce warriors and skilled horsemen

20. II. The Magyars
Raided small European and Byzantine settlements, then fled on horseback

21. II. The Magyars
mid-900s - Settled in Hungary; German king Otto the Great crushed Magyar army, ending raids
Otto the Great, (912 – 973) The first Holy Roman Emperor since Charlemagne. His reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire.

22. Jebel-al-Tarik, Tarik's mountain
III. The Muslims
711 – Muslims crossed Strait of Gibraltar and ruled most of Iberian Peninsula for over 700 years
Jebel-al-Tarik, Tarik's mountain
The Rock of Gibraltar

23. III. The Muslims
Capital was Cordoba - one of the wealthiest, most culturally advanced cities of medieval world

24. III. The Muslims
After Battle of Tours, Muslims raided southern France and Italy, including Rome

25. III. The Muslims
Muslims blocked Byzantine trade in Med. Sea and cut off trade to Italy, changing balance of power