1. Te Tiriti o Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi
All plates from

2. The New Zealand Question
“New Zealand had no strategic, resource or military value and was about as far away from Britain as it was possible to be.” (Moon & Biggs, 2004, p.76).
1831, Māori petition to King William IV
From 1832 on reports arrived in London from NZ – written by missionaries, settlers, traders, Māori asking for support or intercession
Māori request British help in Elizabeth affair
British politicians under pressure to resolve
Slight fear of formal French interest (unfounded)
Cross Tasman trade advantages
Decide to appoint British Resident
1642: Abel Tasman : Cook petition: urged British control over British subjects, praised CMS, voiced concerns about Catholic missionaries and hinted at trade prospects permanent European pop. Of 300. Elizabeth affair: Capt. John Stewart transported T/Rau to Banks Penin. Slaughtered major N/T leader. (Tamaiharanui and Chief Ahu travelled to Sydney to ask for Brit. Help).

3. The New Zealand Question
1835: Busby and northern chiefs select maritime flag
28 October 1835: Declaration of Independence
June 1837: Queen Victoria ascends throne
NZ Question examined in select committees
May 1837: New Zealand Association
Steady flow of lobbying continues
Social and moral issues about the Empire’s treatment of indigenous peoples
August 1839 decide to annexe NZ
Select Coms: House of C, CMS trumpeted their achievements ptg attractive pic. Of NZ. Favoured a treaty. Denounced land companies. House of L:rec. A treaty and protection be ext. To M. Vic. Young (18yrs.) and inexperienced monarch. NZ Company: “fittest country in the world for colonisation”/Plan for systematic colonisation. Missionaries feared uncontrolled European presence undo their work with Maori.

4. Normanby’s Instructions Given to Hobson, 14 August 1839
Natural resources
Strategic influence
Recognised Māori sovereignty and title
Role of own lawless subjects
Gain Māori consent to govern
Persuade Māori about the advantages of British government
Negotiate a treaty
Use “mildness, justice and perfect sincerity.” (Moon & Biggs, 2004, p.169)
Utilise missionaries
Secure land trading arrangements
Acquire unsettled lands
Attend to unjust land acquisition
Establish schools (‘civilise’)
Not tolerate “savage practices.” (Moon & Biggs, 2004, p.171)
Colonial Secretary in Clarify Brit. Policy re. NZ. Maor consent to be “free intelligent”.

5. Influences on Māori Protect people and lands and keep the peace
Kororareka/Russell
Fraudulent land deals
Unfounded fear of international interference
Deal with traders and sly-groggers
Trusted the missionaries
Sharing of authority
Presented with an ideal picture
Caring Crown
Combining spiritual and temporal realms
Increased trade/material assets/political support
Enhanced status
(Orange, 1997, pp.43-59)

6. Content Ko te tuatahi Article the First Te Tiriti o Waitangi
The Treaty of Waitangi
Ko te tuatahi
Kawanatanga → Te Kuini
Article the First
Māori cede sovereignty to the Crown

7. Content Article the Second Ko te tuarua Te Tiriti o Waitangi
The Treaty of Waitangi
Article the Second
Full exclusive and undisturbed possession of...
Lands Estates
Forests Fisheries
Other properties
Pre-emption
Ko te tuarua
Tinorangatiratanga
Wenua
Kainga
Taonga
Hokonga

8. Content Ko te tuatoru Article the Third Te Tiriti o Waitangi
The Treaty of Waitangi
Ko te tuatoru
Nga tangata
Article the Third
Rights and privileges of British subjects

9. Content Ko te tuawhā ? Te Tiriti o Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi
Te ritenga ?

10. Details In the English language In te reo Māori
Te Tiriti o Waitangi
The Treaty of Waitangi
In the English language
Signed Waikato Heads March/ April 1840 and Manukau Heads 26 April 1840
39 signatures
Signed because there was no room left on Māori language text
In te reo Māori
First signed at Waitangi on 6 Feb. 1840
Overall, texts considered to have in excess of 500 signatures

11. Differences Kawanantanga Tinorangatiratanga and taonga
Te Tiriti o Waitangi
The Treaty of Waitangi
Kawanantanga
Tinorangatiratanga and taonga
Presence of Article the Fourth
Discussed, debated and agreed to
Circulated nationally
Sovereignty
Concrete guarantees
Absence of Article the Fourth
Read out once
Signed incidentally
No presence nationally
Doctrine of Unity