1. Ubuntu Working in Terminal
Lab 3

2. Opening Terminal
By default terminal is available in GUI mode in Ubuntu
To open terminal easiest way is to 'search' function on the dash.
Dash -> Search for Terminal
Command ctrl+alt+t

3. Ubuntu File and Directories
Creating Files/Directories
Moving Files/Directories
Copying
Editing text files

4. Creating folders Command to create a directory: i.e mkdir mnt
mkdir /Path where the directory is to be created
i.e mkdir mnt

5. Verify the newly created folder
Command ls
It will list down all files and folders from the given path
Refining ls command
Ls –la(It will show details)

6. Creating New File Command is touch To verify we can use
touch /path where to be created.file extention
i.e touch mnt/test.txt
To verify we can use
ls command

7. Deleting files Command to delete rm /Path of the file to be deleted
i.e rm mnt/test.txt

8. Deleting folders and their sub-folders
rm -rf /Path of the directory to be deleted
options '-r' which means recursive
and '-f' means force

9. Backing up /Copying your files
cp /source path/file name /Destination path /file name.
i.e cp /mnt/test.txt /opt/test1.txt

10. Backing up / Copying your Directories
cp -r /directory/to/be/copied/ /where/to/copy/to/
i.e cp /mnt/test.txt /opt/test1.txt

11. Moving Directories i.e mv /mnt/test /opt Command to move mv
Command format
mv /source /destination
i.e mv /mnt/test /opt

12. Moving Files i.e mv /mnt/test.txt /opt Command to move mv
Command format
mv /source Directory/file name.ext /destination
i.e mv /mnt/test.txt /opt

13. Saving or editing in a file
Go to the file path
Cd /folder name/
Now
Vi test
Press insert
Enter text “Hello World”
To save changes in file
Press escape, then type “:wq!”

14. Class Work
Create a directory using terminal in mnt folder with Directory name BSCS
Create a file with your own name in BSCS folder
Add text “Welcome to SZABIST” in the same file
Copy this file to OPT folder with the name BSCS-Copy

15. Command prompt
The command prompt indicates that the system is ready to accept commands.
Examples include:
dir]$
dir$ $ #

16. Command prompt
The dollar sign ($) usually means you are logged in as a regular user.
The hash sign (#) usually means you are logged in as root.

17. Some useful commands passwd: Change your password.
date, cal: Find out today's date and display a calendar.
who: Find out who else is active on the system.
clear: Clear the screen.

18. Changing password
The passwd command allows you to change your password
Command
Passwd (username)
i.e passwd root
This will change the password of your root account.

19. The date command The date command shows the current date and time.
Date (enter)
Possible Output (Current date of the system)

20. The cal command The cal command is used to view calendar
Syntax of the command
Cal [Moth] [Year]
Example: cal

21. The clear command The clear command clears your screen.
Syntax of the Command
clear (Enter)

22. The ls command The ls command lists available file and directories.
Syntax of the Command
ls (Enter)
Some other extensions
ls /dev
This command will list down all hardware devices available on the system.

23. Thank you 