1. VANET: Vehicle to Vehicle wireless communication system with effective multi-hop routing

2. Source: Department of Motor Traffic Sri Lanka statistics
Year
2005
2010
2011
2012
2013
Motor Cars
311,030
410,282
468,168
499,714
528,094
Motor Tricycle
254,193
529,543
667,969
766,784
850,457
Motor Cycles
1,265,514
2,100,832
2,354,163
2,546,447
2,715,727
Buses
73,887
84,280
88,528
91,623
93,428
Dual purpose vehicles
180,942
209,228
242,746
280,143
304,746
Motor Lorries
223,740
296,692
311,510
323,776
329,648
Land Vehicles-Tractors
180,940
276,997
297,070
315,520
326,292
Land Vehicles-Trailers
37,134
46,457
49,578
53,020
55,286
Total
2,527,380
3,954,311
4,479,732
4,877,027
5,203,678
No.of Deaths
Grievous Injury
Non Grievous Injury
Year
Male
Female
2012
1963
398
6771
1689
14999
5011
2011
2182
495
7086
1837
15486
5025
2010
2250
471
6382
1549
14591
4325
Requirement of the safety systems on vehicles is becoming more popular and critical nowadays with regards to increase of traffic accidents and complexity of road infrastructures. Department of Motor Traffic Sri Lanka statistics shows that Vehicle population of Sri Lanka getting high in every year (See Table 01) and deaths and Injuries due to road side accidents are high (See Table 02). Since there is rapid increase of road accidents in Sri Lanka [1] a plenty of life and property loss has already occurred.
Source: Department of Motor Traffic Sri Lanka statistics

3. Reasons behind these road accidents
Speed
Adverse weather
Distraction of drivers
Poor road design
Driving errors …etc
“If driver can get warning alert half a second before the accident, more than 50% of the accidents can be eliminated” ~ C. D. Wang

4. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network [VANET]
In this network vehicles equipped with wireless communication and sensor devices to act as nodes and communicate with each other and with road side devices using wireless ad-hoc technologies to facilitate emergency alerting and comfort applications among travellers.
emerging network technology which is proposed recently by researches to decrease said road accidents and to increase safety and comfort of passengers.
VANET is a sub class of MANET vehicles and roadside units are the communicating nodes, providing each other with information, such as safety warnings and traffic information

5. Areas of applications on VANET
Safety applications are the most critical and important applications on VANET which can use to avoid accidents or at least can minimize the damage

6. VANET unique characteristics
High mobility and frequent topology changes
Low reliability
Extensive Energy and storage
On-board Sensors
Geographic position available
When we compre with VANET with MANET ..,VANET nodes move very fast and they stay in their communication range just for few seconds. Links between nodes are highly dynamic and create and broken fast. Due to these reasons duration that available to communicate with each other very law and multi-hop routing chain’s nodes can move quickly.

7. VANET Routing
The performance of communication depends on how better the routing takes place in the network. Routing of data depends on the routing protocols being used in network

8. Simulation Framework Design for VANET
Mobility patterns simulation
Wireless network simulation

9. VANET Simulators Veins
Veins is the one and only free and open source software available to downoad in internet that support both mobility (SUMO) and network simulation (OMNET++) models, But veins act as a framework to integrate these two simiulators. We need to download all these modules separatly and itegrate ,so it is a real tough work to configure these modules with lack of documentations

10. Difficulties on Implementing Simulation Framework for VANET
Integrate Mobile and Network simulators
Lack of documentations
Poor GUI support
Poor Protocol design Facilities
We need to download all these modules separatly and itegrate ,so it is a real tough work to configure these modules with lack of documentations. Also Since this tool use OMNET++ to implement VANET routing protocols its need to learn all OMNET++ protocol implementation technologies, but with the lack of documentation it's very hard to learn protocol implementation from the beginning.

11. VANET Simulators cont.. OPNET
OPNET is the most famous commercial network simulator available in industry, It has been used for a long time by most professionals in industry and its a well established simulator in industry. Since it has a commercial software version as its major product, it has more powerful and complete documentation and GUI base modular to design networks

12. VANET Implementation via OPNET
Network model: This editor provides facility to design and implement topology of the network by using network nodes and links. Geographical objects on the network domain can be simulate and manage via this model.  
Node model: Can design and specify node's such as router's, workstation's and link's structure this model also can use to implement packet switch details its interfaces.
Process model: This editor use to implement behaviour of the nodes as process state transitions. Each process can be implemented its functionality of execute threads,

13. VANET Implementation via OPNET cont..

14. VANET topology Implementation
Network models consist of nodes, links and subnets
Icons assist the user in quickly locating the correct nodes and links

15. VANET protocols implementation
AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand distance vector) - Reactive (On Demand)
OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) - Proactive (Table-driven)
GRP (Geographic Routing Protocol) - Hybrid (Reactive and Proactive)
Optimized Cost aware AODV - Reactive (On Demand)

16. OPNET approach to implement routing protocols
manet_gtwy_wlan_eth ernet_slip4
ip_dispatc h
manet_mgr
Add node image osi layer
AODV
OLSR
GRP
Modifie d AODV

17. OPNET Kernel Procedures
KPs are pre-written functions that abstract difficult, tedious, or common operations. KPs free users from addressing memory management, data structure, handling event processing, etc.

18. Optimized Cost aware AODV routing protocol
Modified version of the standard AODV protocol.
The source node and all the intermediate hops will send the cost along with the route request message.
Cost will be calculated as the ratio of reference Bandwidth versus data rate.
While forwarding the RREQ packets to the destination, each node will check for lower cost route requests among various RREQ packets originated from the same source.
Each intermediate node will keep on adding the router cost to the packet which come across to derive the cumulative cost.
Calculate the cumulative cost of the route and resets the route request cost to the lower cost value
This is the my proposed solution for VANET routing

19. Results extraction and Evaluation
Delay - Represents the end to end delay of all the packets
Network load - Represents the total data traffic (in bits/sec) received by the entire WLAN
Throughput - Represents the total number of bits (in bits/sec) forwarded from wireless LAN
Media access delay - Represents global statistic for the total of queuing and contention delays of the data