1. EIA study, EMP and Environment Clearance Process for Cement IndustryBy
Dr. Marisha Sharma,
B.E. (Civil), M. Plan (Env.), PhD (IIT Delhi)
PGC in Participatory Management of
Displacement, R&R
PGD in Analytical Chemistry
Director (Technical) Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
Visiting Faculty, School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi
BEE Certified Energy Auditor

2. EIA Notification dt. 14.09.2006, Schedule (& amendment 23.11.2016)
Project or Activity
Category with threshold limit
Conditions if any A B
3(b)
Cement plants
> 1.0 million
tonnes/annum
production capacity
<1.0 million tonnes/annum production capacity. All Stand alone grinding units
General Condition shall apply
Note:
1. Fuel for cement industry may be coal, petcoke, mixture of coal and petcoke and co-processing of waste provided it meets the emission standards.
2. The manufacturing of composite cement by plants having environmental clearance for manufacturing Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement(PPC) and Portland Slag Cement(PSC) shall be exempt provided the production is within sanctioned capacity.”;

3. EIA Notification dt. 14.09.2006, Schedule (& amendment 23.11.2016)
General Condition (GC): (as amended vide notification dated )
Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in
whole or in part within 5 km from the boundary of:
(i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972,
(ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time,
(iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas (under sub section (2) of Section 3 of EPA 1986),
(iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries.
provided that for River Valley Projects specified in item l(c), Thermal Power Plants specified in item I (d), Industrial estates/parks/complexes/areas, export processing zones (EPZs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), biotech parks, leather complexes specified in item 7(c) and common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs) specified in item 7( d), the appraisal shall be made at Central level even if located within 10km.

4. Categories of Projects for Environmental clearance
Category A
EIA Notification 2006 dt B1
Category B B1
Amendment dated
B2- mining of minor minerals ≤5 ha
( to be considered by DEIAA, subject to several other conditions)
Amendment dated ＊
No more Category B2 in construction ＊
Instead
Other building categories
( ≥ 20,000 sq.m upto 1,50,000 sq.m)
Building Category "1"
(5,000 to < 20,000 sq.m)

5. Clearance Process for Category A Project

6. Clearance Process for Category A Project .. contd..

7. Simplified flow diagram-Category A (Cement Plant)
Form 1, PFR A
Submit
Preparation of Final EIA/EMP report after incorporating points raised in PH
MoEF&CC
Reply
Presentation
Reply
Submit to MoEF&CC
Querry
EAC (Industry-1)
Querry
Appraisal by EAC
Issues TOR (Terms of Reference)
Baseline monitoring for meteorology, air, water, soil, noise, flora, fauna, etc (3 months, non monsoon only)
recommends or rejects for environmental clearance (EC)
Preparation of Draft EIA/EMP report
MoEF&CC
submission to SPCB
Conduct of Public Hearing
rejection letter or
EC approval letter issued
Minutes of PH A

8. Clearance Process for Category B Project

9. Clearance Process for Category B Project ... contd..

10. Simplified flow diagram- Category B1 (Cement Plants/ Grinding Units)
Form 1, PFR A
Submit
Preparation of Final EIA/EMP report after incorporatimg points raised in PH
SEIAA
Reply
Presentation
Reply
Submit to SEIAA
Querry
SEAC of the State of Project
Querry
Appraisal by SEAC
Issues TOR (Terms of Reference)
Baseline monitoring for meteorology, air, water, soil, noise, flora, fauna, etc (3 months, non monsoon only)
recommends or rejects for environmental clearance (EC)
Preparation of Draft EIA/EMP report
SEIAA
submission to SPCB
Conduct of Public Hearing
rejection letter or
EC approval letter issued
Minutes of PH A

11. B1 vs B2 A project will be B1 or B2
depending upon the nature and location specificity of the project
To be decided by SEAC after scrutiny of the applications
Situations which might be considered for Category B2 are:
Enhancement of production capacity of existing plants, essentially by utilizing the excess capacity of the machineries for size reduction and pyroprocessing, or adding additional capacity for some unit operations to match the existing spare capacity of others. In all such cases, increased quantity of limestone should be available from the existing mines and increased emissions shall be taken care of by the installed pollution control devices or additional ones.
Expansion /modernization of existing cement plants upto 25% capacity expansion may be considered as Category B2, if the EAC/SEAC is satisfied by the methodologies/ technologies proposed by the project proponent to control the significant impacts on the surrounding environment.
Adoption of waste materials as substitute for fossil fuels or raw materials (AFR) shall not require fresh EIA, but will be subject to stipulations of CPCB, BIS and other authorities.

12. Clause 7(ii) of EIA Notification 2006, as amended on 23.11.2016
7 (ii) Prior Environmental Clearance (EC) process for Expansion or Modernization or Change of product mix in existing projects (a) All applications seeking prior environmental clearance for expansion with increase in the production capacity beyond the capacity for which prior environmental clearance has been granted under this notification or with increase in either lease area or production capacity in the case of mining projects or for the modernisation of an existing unit with increase in the total production capacity beyond the threshold limit prescribed in the Schedule to this notification through change in process and or technology or involving a change in the product –mix shall be made in Form I and they shall be considered by the concerned Expert Appraisal Committee or State Level Expert Appraisal Committee within sixty days, who will decide on the due diligence necessary including preparation of Environment Impact Assessment and public consultations and the application shall be appraised accordingly for grant of environmental clearance. ..contd.

13. Clause 7(ii) of EIA Notification 2006, as amended on 23.11.2016
..contd.. (b) Any change in configuration of the plant from the environmental clearance conditions during execution of the project after detailed engineering shall be exempt from the requirement of environmental clearance, if there is no change in production and pollution load. The project proponent shall inform the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change / State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority and the concerned State Pollution Control Board. (c) Any change in product-mix, change in quantities within products or number of products in the same category for which environmental clearance has been granted shall be exempt from the requirement of prior environmental clearance provided that there is no change in the total capacity sanctioned in prior environmental clearance granted earlier under this notification and there is no increase in pollution load. The project proponent shall follow the procedure for obtaining No Increase in Pollution Load certificate from the concerned State Pollution Control Board as per the provisions given in Appendix –XIV.”;

14. Presentation to SEAC/ EAC
Simplified flow diagram- Category B2 / 7(ii) (Cement Plants/ Grinding Units)
Form 1, PFR
Submit
SEIAA/ EAC
Response
Querry
Presentation to SEAC/ EAC
no querry
Recommended for EC
Rejected
SEIAA/ MOEFCC
EC Letter or
Rejection letter

15. Requirements & Appraisal level for various Category projects
Category of project
Doccuments required
Level of
for appraisal
Form 1
Form 1A
PFR
Coceptual
Plan
Self
declaration
Certificate
QBEA PH
EIA A
(all except 8 b) √
MoEF&CC
( for 8b) B1
(except item 8(b) of Schedule to EIA Notification) or
SEIAA
8(b) i.e construction B2
(all except construction)
Other buildings
Dev.
Authority
Category "1" Building

16. Pre-feasibility Report
Form 1
EIA Notification no. SO 1533 dt
Amendment no. SO 3067(E) dated
Combined form
Pre-feasibility Report
Circular no. J-11013/41/2006-IA.II(I) dated
Greenfield projects- Siting guidelines to be followed and evaluation of alternatives is essential. The project location can attract additional statutory clearances such as CRZ, NBWL, Forest clearance, NHAI, etc. It can also trigger protests from locals.
Integrated & interlinked projects- consideration as per OM dt

17. Online filling of Form-1
Register online
Apply for TOR. Documents/ files required:
1. Fill form 1 online.
Input box will receive maximum 500 characters. Therefore, make attachments where required and put in file at point 8 below.
2. Annexure-GPS file (kmz file)
3. Annexure-Survey of india toposheet.pdf
4. Annexure-Brief summary of project.pdf
5. Annexure-TOR file.pdf
6. Annexure-scanned copy of covering Letter.pdf
7. Annexure-PFR.pdf
8. Annexure-Additional attachments.pdf
9. Annexure-Uploaded Approval of mining plan.pdf (in case of cement plant & limestone mine are an integrated project)
10.Authorisation letter
Note : be alert to file sizes permitted for upload

18. Terms of Reference (TOR)
Validity of TOR
Generic TOR in respect of Industry Sector
Additional Terms of Reference (TOR) for Cement Plants (next slide)
In case of additional units in the cements plant, typically a captive power plant, additional TORs will be specified

19. Additional Terms of Reference (TOR) for Cement Plants
1. Limestone and coal linkage documents along with the status of environmental clearance of limestone and coal mines 2. Quantum of production of coal and limestone from coal & limestone mines and the projects they cater to; 3. Present land use shall be prepared based on satellite imagery. High-resolution satellite image data having 1m-5m spatial resolution like quickbird, Ikonos, IRS P-6 pan sharpened etc. for the 10 Km radius area from proposed site. The same shall be used for land used/land-cover mapping of the area. 4. If the raw materials have trace elements, an environment management plan shall also be included. 5. Plan for the implementation of the recommendations made for the cement plants in the CREP guidelines must be prepared. 6. Energy consumption per ton of clinker and cement grinding 7. Provision of waste heat recovery boiler 8. Arrangement for co-processing of hazardous waste in cement plant. 9. Trace metals in waste material especially slag.

20. EIA / EMP REPORT
GENERIC STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSENT DOCUMENT
Chapter No.
Title
Contents 1
Introduction
• Purpose of the report
• Identification of project & project proponent
• Brief description of nature, size, location of the project
and its importance to the country, region
• Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping carried
out (As per Terms of Reference)

21. EIA / EMP REPORT Chapter No. Title Contents 2 Project Descrip-tion
• Condensed description of those aspects of the project (based on project feasibility study), likely to cause environmental effects.
• Type of project
• Need for the project
• Location (maps showing general location, specific location, project boundary & project site layout)
• Size or magnitude of operation (incl. Associated activities required by or for the project
• Proposed schedule for approval and implementation
• Technology and process description
• Project description. Including drawings showing project layout, components of project etc. Schematic representations of the feasibility drawings which give information important for EIA purpose
• Description of mitigation measures incorporated into the project to meet environmental standards, environmental operating conditions, or other EIA requirements (as required by the scope)
• Assessment of New & untested technology for the risk of technological failure

22. EIA / EMP REPORT Chapter No. Title Contents 3 Description of the
Environment
• Study area, period, components & methodology
• Establishment of baseline for valued environmental components, as identified in the scope
• Base maps of all environmental components 4
Anticipated
Environmental Impacts
&
Mitigation Measures
• Details of Investigated Environmental impacts due to project location, possible accidents, project design, project construction, regular operations, final decommissioning or rehabilitation of a completed project
• Measures for minimizing and / or offsetting adverse impacts identified
• Irreversible and Irretrievable commitments of environmental components
• Assessment of significance of impacts (Criteria for determining significance, Assigning significance)
• Mitigation measures

23. EIA / EMP REPORT Chapter No. Title Contents 5 Analysis of Alternatives
(Technology
& Site)
• In case, the scoping exercise results in need for alternatives:
• Description of each alternative
• Summary of adverse impacts of each alternative
• Mitigation measures proposed for each alternative and
• Selection of alternative 6
Environmental
Monitoring Program
Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of
mitigation measures (incl. Measurement methodologies,
frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules,
emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement
schedules) 7
Additional Studies
• Public Consultation
• Risk assessment
• Social Impact Assessment. R&R Action Plans 8
Project Benefits
• Improvements in the physical infrastructure
• Improvements in the social infrastructure
• Employment potential –skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled
• Other tangible benefits

24. EIA / EMP REPORT Chapter No. Title Contents 9
Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
If recommended at the Scoping stage 10
EMP
Description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of the EIA 11
Summary & Conclusion
(This will constitute the summary of the EIA Report )
• Overall justification for implementation of the project
• Explanation of how, adverse effects have been
mitigated 12
Disclosure of
Consultants engaged
The names of the Consultants engaged with their
brief resume and nature of Consultancy rendered

25. Summary of EIA / EMP report (EIA Notification 2006)
The Summary EIA shall be a summary of the full EIA Report condensed to ten A-4 size pages at the maximum. It should necessarily cover in brief the following Chapters of the full EIA Report: -
1. Project Description
2. Description of the Environment
3. Anticipated Environmental impacts and mitigation measures
4. Environmental Monitoring Programme
5. Additional Studies
6. Project Benefits
7. Environment Management Plan

26. Summary of EIA / EMP report (Directions from EAC, Industry-I, MOEF&C)
More elaborate directions:
Executive summary of the report in about 8-10 pages incorporating the following:
i. Project name and location (Village, Dist, State, Industrial Estate (if applicable)
ii. Products and capacities. If expansion proposal, then existing products with capacities and reference to earlier EC.
iii. Requirement of land, raw material, water, power, fuel, with source of supply (Quantitative)
iv. Process description in brief, specifically indicating the gaseousemission, liquid effluent and solid and hazardous wastes. Materials balance shall be presented.
v. Measures for mitigating the impact on the environment and mode of discharge or disposal.
vi. Capitalcost of the project, estimated time of completion
vii. Site selected for the project – Nature of land – Agricultural (single/double crop), barren, Govt/private land, status of is acquisition, nearby (in 2-3 km.) water body, population, with in 10km other industries, forest, eco-sensitive zones, accessibility, (note – in case of industrial estate this information may not be necessary)
contd..

27. Summary of EIA / EMP report (Directions from EAC, Industry-I, MOEF&C)
Summary of EIA / EMP report (Directions from EAC, Industry-I, MOEF&C) .. contd..
..contd..
viii. Baseline environmental data – air quality, surface and ground water quality, soil characteristic, flora and fauna, socio-economic condition of the nearby population
ix. Identification of hazards in handling, processing and storage of hazardous material and safety system provided to mitigate the risk.
x. Likely impact of the project on air, water, land, flora-fauna and nearby population
xi. Emergency preparedness plan in case of natural or in plant emergencies
xii. Issues raised during public hearing (if applicable) and response given
xiii. CSR plan with proposed expenditure.
xiv. Occupational Health Measures
xv. Post project monitoring plan

28. Generic approach for accomplishing EIA studies
Chapter 3
of EIA
Chapter 4
of EIA

29. Description of the Environment
Chapter 3
Description of the
Environment

30. Description of Evironment
Data collection
secondary
primary
Data collection for according to location (terrestrial/ shore) and status (existing/ new):
Air (Ambient, workplace)
Water (surface, ground, marine)
Noise (Ambient, workplace)
Soil and Land use
Ecology (flora, fauna; terrestrial/ aquatic/ marine)
Topography, drainage
Climate, micro-meteorology
Traffic
Solid waste
Demography, Socio economics, public health
Protected areas (ecological, archaelogical)
Industries

31. Guidance For Assessment Of Baseline Components And Attributes
PM2.5
Typically recommended= 8

32. Guidance For Assessment Of Baseline Components And Attributes

33. Guidance For Assessment Of Baseline Components And Attributes

34. Guidance For Assessment Of Baseline Components And Attributes

35. Guidance For Assessment Of Baseline Components And Attributes

36. Guidance For Assessment Of Baseline Components And Attributes

37. Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Chapter 4
Anticipated
Environmental Impacts
&
Mitigation Measures

38. Types of Impacts

39. Types of Impacts
Direct impacts : Direct impacts occur through direct interaction of an activity with an environmental, social, or economic component. For example, a discharge of cement industry or an effluent from the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) into a river may lead to a decline in water quality in terms of high biological oxygen demand (BOD) or dissolved oxygen (DO) or rise of water toxins.
Indirect impacts : Indirect impacts on the environment are those which are not a direct result of the project, often produced away from or as a result of a complex impact pathway. The indirect impacts are also known as secondary or even tertiary level impacts. For example, ambient air SO2 rise due to stack emissions may deposit on land as SO4 and cause acidic soils.
Cumulative impacts
Induced impact

40. Significance of impact
To establish, the level of significance for each identified impact, a three-stage analysis may be referred:
First, an impact is qualified as being either negative or positive.
Second, the nature of impacts such as direct, indirect, or cumulative is determined using the impact network
Third, a scale is used to determine the severity of the effect; for example, an impact is of low, medium, or high significance.

41. Manufacturing Processes
The cement manufacturing involves mining, crushing, grinding of raw materials, blending of raw meal, calcining the materials in a rotary kiln, cooling the resulting clinker, mixing the clinker with gypsum, and miling, storing, bagging the finished cement.
Raw material used to make cement may be divided into four basic components: lime(calcareous), silica(siliceos), alumina (argillaceous), and iron (ferriferous).
There are four main process routes for the cement manufacturing
Dry process- The raw materials are ground and dried to raw meal in the from of a flowable powder. the dry raw meal is fed to the pre-heater or precalciner kiln or, more rarely, to a long dry kiln.
Semi-Dry process- Dry raw materials is pelletized with water and fed into a grate preheater before the kiln or to a long kiln equipped with crosses.
Semi-Wet process- The slurry is first dewatered in filter process. The filter cake is extruded into pellets and fed either to a grate pre-heater or directly to a filter cake drier for raw meal production.
Wet Process- the raw materials (often with high moisture content) are ground in water to form a pumpable slurry. The slurry is either fed directly into the kiln or first to slurry drier.

42. CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Limestone Quarry
Crusher
Limestone Storage
Additives (e.g. iron ore) mixer and raw meal grinding
Clay Quarry
Clay storage
Pre-heater
Pre-calciner
Kiln feeder
Raw meal storage
Kiln
Clinker Storage
Gypsum Storage
Cement grinding
Additives
Storage
(Fly ash, slag, etc)
Cooler
Cement silos
Bulk shipping
Bag shipping
Cement bagging

43. RAW MATERIAL INPUT AND POLLUTION OUTPUTS IN PRODUCTION LINE
NOx
The main environment issues associated with cement projects primarily include the following:
Exploitation of natural resources for raw materials
Energy consumption and fuels
Air emission including dust
Wastewater
Solid waste generation
Noise
Vibration

44. A. Consumption of raw materials

45. B. Energy Consumption
Thermal and Electrical consumption in Dry Process Cement Plants in India
Specific Thermal Energy consumption in Indian Cement Sector

46. Table: Specific Electric Energy consumption (kWh/t of Material)

47. Use of high calorific value wastes as fuel in cement kiln
CPCB, on the basis of field trials, have recommended use of hazardous wastes like ETP sludge from dyes and dye intermediates, tyre chips, paint sludge, Toulene-Die-Isocynate tar residue and refinery sludge as supplementary fuels in cement kilns. Compliance with notified emission norms for hazardous wastes in incinerators has been reported.

48. C. Air emissions
During operation main pollutants- Dust and gaseous emission
Air emissions are generated by
handling and storage of raw,
intemediated and final materials and
by the operation of kiln systems, clinker coolers, and mills.
main releases from the production of cement are releases to air from the kiln system derived from the chemical and physical reactions involving raw material and consumption of fuels.
The main gaseous pollutants relevent to cement manufacture are:
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and other nitrogen compounds
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and other sulphur compounds
carbon oxides (CO and CO2)
Secondary pollutants /; VOCs, hydrocarbons, dioxins, furans, heavy metals.

49. Point Sources from a Cement Manufacturing Process

50. PM Emission factors with and without APCD for cement Manufacturing Industries in India (Dry process)
PM Emission factors with and without APCD for cement Manufacturing Industries in India (Wet process)

51. Table: NOx emission Fctors and Concentrations
SOx emission Fctors and Concentrations

52. Carbon oxides
Total CO2 emission per T of cement range from 0.85 to 1.15 T, the approximate contribution being;
Calcination %
Fuel consumption-40-50%
Electricity-0-10%
CO forms due to insufficient supply of oxygen in the air-fuel mix. since complete combustion of fuel is always attempted with somewhat excess air, normally, no trace of CO should be found in the exit gas; it is not allowed to exceed 1000 ppm

53. Secondary pollutants
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) : The probability of VOCs appearing in exhaust gases is low, as they are oxidized in low temperatures, much below those prevailing even in Calciners.
Dioxins and furans : Dioxins and furans are formed while using waste derived fuels (WDF), when chlorine in wastes in the form of precursors such as PVC, NaCl or chlorobenzenes combine with other chemicals at low temperatures.Dioxin and furan emission concentrations are low regardless of the type of fuel used and measurements
Heavy metals : The transfer behaviour of heavy metals in cement manufacturing process depends on their volatility, and is generated from the use of raw materials, fossil fuels, and WDF. Metal compounds can be categorized into three classes, based on the volatilities of the metals and their salts:
Metals which are or have compounds that are refractory or non- or low-volatile: Ba,Be, Cr, As, Ni, V, Al, Ti, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Ag;
Metals that are or have compounds that are semi-volatile: Sb, Cd, Pb, Se, Zn, K and Na;
Metals that are or have compounds that are volatile: Hg and Tl.
Low-volatile heavy metals tend to become incorporated in very stable chemical compounds in the clinker.
Semi-low volatile heavy metals tend to volatilize in the hottest section of the kiln i.e., burning zone.

54. Sources of fugitive dust emission

55. Impact Assessment through Prediction modelling

56. Impact Assessment through Prediction modelling
Other models - CALINE 4 for traffic, PTMAX, PTDIS, MPTER, CTDM PLUS (Complex Terrain Dispersion Model), UAM (Urban Airshed Model), RAM (Rural Airshed Model), CRESTER, OCD (Offshore and coastal Dispersion Model), RTDM (Rough Terrain Diffusion Model), CDM(Climatologically, Dispersion Model), PLUVUE-II (Plume Visibility Model), MESO-PUFF II (Meso scale Puff Model)
CPCB's guidance manual : Assessment of Impact to Air Environment : Guidelines for Conducting Air Quality Modelling’ by CPCB, Delhi, (PROBES/70/ )
IMD's “Atlas of hourly mixing height and assimilative capacity of atmosphere in India”

57. Mitigation of air emissions
Recommended Dust Control Equipments for point sources

58. Mitigation of air emissions
Methods of Fugitive Dust Control
The recommended pollution prevention and control techniques include the following:
Local exhaust ventilation system, enclosures, hoods
Water spray system
Green cover, tree plantation
Wind barriers
Proper house keeping
Selection of species for Green belt : CPCB's guidelines for developing greenbelt

59. Mitigation of air emissions
Nitrogen oxides
Maintaining stable operating conditions i.e., constant fuel, air, feed flow rates and
composition by installing an automatic kiln control system.
Using low NOx burners to avoid localized emission hot spots;
Developing a staged combustion process, as applicable in preheater-precalciner
(PHP) and preheater (PH) kilns; zero – NOx precalciners,
Use of selective non catalytic NO reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) measures.
Sulphur dioxide
Use of a vertical mill and gases passing through the mill to recover energy and to reduce the sulphur content in the gas. In the mill, the gas containing sulphur oxide mixes with the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) of the raw meal and produces calcium sulfate (gypsum);
Selection of fuel source with lower sulphur content;
Injection of absorbents such as hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2), calcium oxide (CaO), or fly ashes with high CaO content into the exhaust gas before filters;
Use of wet or dry scrubbers.

60. Mitigation of air emissions ..contd.
Carbon oxides
Improvement of the energy efficiency of cement production.
Shifting to a more energy efficient process [e.g., from wet & semi dry to dry process]
Process selection and operation to promote energy efficiency (dry/ pre-heater/ precalciner);
Applying lower clinker/cement ratio i.e., increasing additives / cement ratio.
Removal/recovery of CO2 from the flue gases.
Selection of raw materials with lower organic matter content.
Increased afforestation and sink potential for CO2.
Recovery of waste heat for cogeneration of power.
Optimizing particle size distribution of fine coal.
Use of alternate fuel (oil, gas)/waste derived i.e., replacing high carbon fuels by low carbon fuels. e.g., coal may be replaced by oil, natural gas, waste derived fuel.

61. Mitigation of air emissions ..contd.
Heavy metals
For high concentrations of volatile heavy metals (in particular mercury), use of absorption on activated carbon may be necessary.
Implement monitoring and control of the volatile heavy metal content in the input materials and waste fuels though implementation of materials selection. Depending on the type of volatile metals present in the flue gas, control options may include wet scrubbers and activated carbon adsorption;
Operate the kiln in a controlled and steady manner to avoid emergency shutoffs of the electrostatic precipitators.
Waste fuel should not be used during start up or shut down.
Dioxin emission
Change of raw materials has been the successful remedy to prevent dioxin and furan emissions from some plants. Proper design and maintenance can lower the temperature of flue gas. Additional water spraying and air quenching may be installed for further control of temperature to prevent reformation of dioxin.

62. Parameter
Impact
Mitigation
Noise
Noise pollution is related to several cement manufacturing phases, including raw material extraction; grinding and storage; raw material, intermediate and final product handling and transportation; and operation of exhaust fans
Control of noise emissions may include the use of silencers for fans, room enclosures for mill operators, noise barriers.
Waste water
Wastewater in cement industry results mainly from surface run off and utility operations for cooling purposes in different phases of the process (e.g., bearings, kiln rings) and causes no substantial contribution to water pollution. Process wastewater with high pH and suspended solids may be generated in some operations.
Contaminated streams should be routed to the treatment system for industrial process wastewater. Stormwater should be prevented from contacting stockpiles by covering or enclosing stockpiles and by installing run-on controls.

63. Parameter
Impact
Mitigation
Vibration
Mining activities, especially use of explosives for blasting give rise to ground vibration and fly rocks.
Suitable buffer zones, at least 300m from the site of blast is recommended.
Follow DGMS norms
Solid waste
Sources of solid waste in cement manufacturing include clinker production waste, mainly composed of spoil rocks, which are removed from the raw materials during the raw meal preparation.Another potential waste stream involves the kiln dust removed from the bypass flow and the stack, if it is not recycled in the process.Filtrate from the filter presses used in the semi-wet process is fairly alkaline and containssuspended solids.
Collected dust should be recycled to the production processes whenever practicable. This recycling may take place directly into the kiln or kiln feed (alkali metal content being the limiting factor) or by blending with finished cement products. Alternative uses may be found for material that cannot be recycled.

64. Use of industrial solid waste in cement manufacturing
Industrial wastes suitable for use as raw materials
Industrial wastes suitable for use as Blending materials

65. Waste minimization opportunities
The dust collected in pollution control devices is a valuable material.
Recycling of collected dust to the production processes lowers the total consumption of raw materials.
This recycling may take place directly in the kiln or kiln feed (alkali metal content being the limiting factor) or by blending with finished cement products.
The best available techniques for reducing dust emissions are the combination of the following:
Minimization/prevention of dust emissions from fugitive sources
Efficient removal of particulate matter from point sources by application of Electrostatic precipitators with fast measuring and control equipment to minimize the number of CO trips
Fabric filters with multiple compartments and ‘burst bag detectors’

66. Chapter 7 Additional studies • Public Consultation
• Social Impact Assessment
R&R Action Plans

67. Public Consultation
Amendment dt and OMs dt , , , , etc
To be presided by ADM or above rank

68. Typical recording:

69. Typical recording:
I Sri Budhuram Munda, S/o Caitanya Munda of Sinku Sahi, Ward No-12, -----village, Dist------, is hereby objecting that, the plant has been doing lots of damage because of black smoke and deep borewells since last 17 years. Hence I am the protestor.

70. Addressing the Public Hearing Issues
Sl. No.
Name & Address of villager
Question/ Issue/ Suggestion
Response by project proponent (after PH)
Action Plan proposed
Budgetary provision as on 1.
Shri Sanat Apat, Karakhendra
(i) He supported to the project provided all the demands are fulfilled by the industry.
Project Representative thanks and welcomes the support -
(ii) He also expressed his concern over the degradation of environment in the area, which is a concern for the future and asked to engage at least 20 daily labourers for environment protection, development of school education of local village and at least 10 labourers should be engaged for the beautification of the school
The company shall be employing 250 manpower for the operation of its plant and provision for employment of gardeners & housekeeping staff (to maintain good quality of environment) shall be around 20 persons. The company will undertake development of infrastructure in schools by construction of boundary walls, park/ playground, toilets & any new classroom/ building, maintenance of the same, supply of blackboard/ furniture, plantation & beautification shall be undertaken. The labour who will be employed in school campus improvement activities shall be more than 10 persons
*Employment shall be given on commencement of the plant
*Infrastructure development of school will commence from 2nd year of construction and completed commensurate with the completion of plant construction
Wages, PF, Medical and Bonus will be paid as per prevalent Labour Laws. For schools, the capital cost is proposed as a part of ESC as Rs The recurring cost for maintenance shall be a part of CSR expenditure

71. Summarising the public hearing issues
Main Issues
Response by project proponent (after PH)
Action Plan proposed
Execution plan
Budgetary provision, Rs. lakhs
Commencement
Completion
Capital
Recurring (annual)
Education- Establish an Industrial Training Institute in the area
A fully equipped and operational ITI is available at Barbil, at a distance of 5 km. Hence, company will undertake measures to help students/ youth to receive training from there.
Company will bear the cost of arranging ITI & other training to interested local villagers at Barbil as well as the cost of transportation.
18 months after receipt of environmental clearance & NOC, whichever is later
within 6 months of commencement of operation -
12 (part of CSR)
Health- Medical aid, ambulance
Company is providing free medical camp and medicine to local villagers in Karakolha, which is 500 m away, where company has a plant. Similarly, Company will undertake such camps and distribute free medicine in village Karakhendra also in future, once the plant is established.
Company will engage staff nurse, doctor in proposed dispensary within plant (accessible to villagers) for dispensing medical facilities as well as free medicine to the local villagers. An ambulance will also be provided at the new plant.
1st year of construction
continued till plant operates
10 (part of ESC)
2.4 (part of CSR)

72. Summarising the public hearing issues
Main Issues
Response by project proponent (after PH)
Action Plan proposed
Execution plan
Budgetary provision, Rs. lakhs
Commencement
Completion
Capital
Recurring (annual)
Development of the local villages and construction of roads
Company shall be constructing branch roads in the villages in 2 km radius initially and then expanding its peripheral development works to other villages
Maintenance of roads and construction of additional roads in villages Karakhendra, Karakolha, Belkundi & Uliburu shall be undertaken
1st year of plant construction
Commensurate with completion of plant construction
50(part of ESC)
0.5(part of CSR)
Drinking water
Company has provided drinking water through borewell in nearby 5 villages, namely, Karakolha, Karakhendra, Belkundi, Magansahi & Naldah.Two nos. mobile water tankers are engaged for drinking water supply in Karakolha & Karakhendra.Deep bore well with overhead tank (approx lts capacity) has been constructed in Chatamba Sahi & Sinku Sahi villages and supply water through pipe line system.Company proposes to increase the number of overhead water tanks in local villages
Supply of Clean Drinking Water (construction of over head tank, bore well, hand pump, pipe supply system) in Mahakud Basti, Nalda Uliburu, Mundasahi).50,000 litres OHT proposed at Karakolha & Karakhendra each
1st year of plant construction January 2018
Will be in consonance with plant construction & its completion as per annual ESC budget allocation chart (refer TOR point no. 11 (i))
50 (part of ESC)
3(part of CSR)

73. Summarising the public hearing issues
Main Issues
Response by project proponent (after PH)
Action Plan proposed
Execution plan
Budgetary provision, Rs. lakhs
Commencement
Completion
Capital
Recurring (annual)
Electricity
The company has already provided street lights in Karakhendra & Karakolha villages
The company will further undertake electrification work in left out areas of the villages
4th year of plant construction
Commensurate with completion of plant construction
15 (from Karakolha plant) -
Safety of religious place (Jera).
It will be protected
Renovation & fencing shall be carried out
1st year of plant construction
0.50

74. ENTERPRISE SOCIAL COMMITMENT ACTIVITIES (EXPENDITURE IN LAKHS)
Sl.
No.
Enterprise Social Commitment Activities
(Expenditure in Lakhs)
Year 1
( )
Year 2
( )
Year 3
( )
Year 4
( )
Year 5
( )
Total 1.
Schools- repair/ renovation, provision of toilets in Villages Belkundi, Mahakud Basti, Mundasahi, Belkundi Talasahi, Nalda Karakhendra and Sonia sahi
7.5 10
47.5 2.
safety of religious place (Jera)
0.5 3.
Procurement of Ambulance fitted with necessary equipments for emergency Health Care and Referential Services. 4.
Construction of Village Roads / Culverts in Villages Karakhendra, Karakolha, Belkundi & Uliburu 50 5.
Construction of Common Meeting / Social congregation place for multi purposes in Villages Belkundi, Mahakud Basti, Mundasahi, Belkundi Talasahi, Nalda Karakhendra and Uliburu 5 8 34 6.
Supply of Clean Drinking Water in Villages Belkundi, Mahakud Basti, Mundasahi, Belkundi Talasahi, Nalda Karakhendra and Uliburu 7.
Provision of vehicle facilities from Karakhendra to Barbil for student 6 8.
Electricity provision in Village Playground in Villages Belkundi, Mahakud Basti, Karakolha, Mundasahi, Belkundi Talasahi, Nalda Karakhendra and Uliburu 43 41 38
208
Note : To Co-relate with project implementation schedule & its corresponding budget

75. What are Social Impacts?
Changes that a project may induce on people/society that may effect:
employment, * Income,
Production, * Way of life,
Culture, * Community,
Political systems, * Environment,
Health and well-being, * Personal and property rights, and fears and aspirations.
These impacts can be positive or negative.
Social Impact Assessment alerts the project proponents on likely benefits and costs of a proposed project, which may be social and/or economic. This knowledge can help:
Decision-makers to decide whether the project should proceed, or proceed with some changes, or dropped completely.
Develop mitigation plans to overcome:
Potential negative impacts on individuals and communities; and
Leverage positive impacts

76. Types of Social Impacts
Differential Impacts
Projects affect different groups differently.
Some people tend to benefit, others lose.
Some impacts are particularly severe for vulnerable groups: tribal people, women-headed households, elderly persons, landless persons, and the poor.

77. Process of SIA Data Collection Tools Method Description
Quantitative Methods
Land Acquisition Survey (persons with titles, those without titles and others including tenants, sharecroppers should all be counted);
Census Survey;
Socioeconomic Survey (This should involve only a percentage of total population selected on a random basis);
Other administrative records (such as NSS).
Qualitative Methods
Key Informant Interviews
Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
Rapid and Appraisal
Public Hearing

78. SAMPLE SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX
Parameter
Present Status
Future impact
Action plan for impact mitigation/ target fulfillment
I. Lifestyle
Loss of land
Entire land has been purchased from one owner. They also have other agricultural land left in their ownership and, thus, are having multiple sources of income.
Job will be offered to the land owner or his interested family members
Preference will be given, for employment
Employment in plant and related activities
There are limited economic opportunities available to the people and they are mostly into agriculture and animal husbandry.
Proposed plant will generate employment for 250 people. Other economic opportunities are also expected to rise due to the plant.
To increase employability of local villagers, their capacity building through ITI training at Barbil at company cost shall be undertaken
Additional employment opportunities outside plant
There is no colony currently no opportunities in transportation or construction activities.
A colony shall be built to accommodate the non-natives. The villagers will help in providing various services such as cleaning, washing, cooking, driving, security, etc. and also generate additional income for themselves. Opportunities in transportation, contractual jobs and construction activities will arise.
Seamless amalgamation of the culture of the natives and non natives to be ensured by sensitising the outsiders to local culture.

79. OTHER SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX PARAMETERS
II. Cultural impacts
Religious beliefs
Customs & heritage
III. Community impacts
Change in land use
Infrastructure
Services
NGOs/ SHGs, activity networks and cohesion
Education and training
IV. Quality of life
Security
Livability (Considering various parameters such as (I) housing, (ii) Neighbourhood, (iii) Transportation, (iv) Environment, (v) Health, (vi) Engagement and (vii) Opportunity)
Aspirations for the future
V. Health impacts
Physical well being
Social well being

80. R&R Action Plans National R&R Policy State R&R Policies LARR 2013
Primary surveys
Data analysis
Report formulation

81. Chapter 8
Project Benefits

82. Project Benefits Employment Direct Contractual Indirect
Infrastructure Development
Physical
Social
Target Area, village adoption
Phasing

83. CSR under Companies Act, 2013
With effect from April 1, 2014, every company, private limited or public limited, which either has a net worth of Rs 500 crore or a turnover of Rs 1,000 crore or net profit of Rs 5 crore, needs to spend at least 2% of its average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility activities.
The CSR activities should not be undertaken in the normal course of business and must be with respect to any of the activities mentioned in Schedule VII of the 2013 Act.
To formulate and monitor the CSR policy of a company, a CSR Committee of the Board needs to be constituted. Section 135 of the 2013 Act requires the CSR Committee to consist of at least three directors, including an independent director.

84. CSR under Companies Act, 2013
The activities that can be undertaken by a company to fulfil its CSR obligations include :
eradicating hunger,
poverty and malnutrition,
promoting preventive healthcare,
promoting education and promoting gender equality,
setting up homes for women,
orphans and the senior citizens,
measures for reducing inequalities faced by socially and economically backward groups,
ensuring environmental sustainability and ecological balance,
animal welfare,
protection of national heritage and art and culture,
measures for the benefit of armed forces veterans,
war widows and their dependents,
training to promote rural,
nationally recognized,
Paralympic or Olympic sports,
contribution to the prime minister's national relief fund or any other fund set up by the Central Government  for socio economic development and relief and welfare of  SC, ST, OBCs, minorities and women,
contributions or funds provided to technology incubators located within academic institutions approved by the Central Government and rural development projects. 

85. Sample CSR Sl. CSR Activities Budget A. Education & Communication
(Rs. Lakhs/yr) 1
Adult education
0.6 2
Community teacher support
1.2 3
Supply of School Uniform/Bags, Study Material (Slate, Globe, Maps Charts, Exercise Book, Duster, Chalk etc.) 4
Scholarship to meritorius students 5
Financial support to needy students 6
School bus facility 7
Infrastructure improvement in schools
Sub-total A
6.6 B.
Health Care
Financial help to critical medical cases
Providing ambulance for patients daily two trips to nearest PHC
Visit of doctor once in a week to villages for community health checkup
Conducting mobile health/ family planning camp (Doctor, para-medical staff and free supply of medicines)
Sensitization & Awareness on emerging health problems, TB, Malaria & HIV /AIDs (Development of Audio visul IEC materials)
0.3
Maintenance of ambulance
2.4
Veterinanry camps
Sub-total B
7.5 C.
Provision of Safe Drinking Water, Sanitation and maintenance of of roads
Supply of water through water tanker, maintenance of handpumps, tubewells etc.
2.5
Maintenance of ponds
0.5
Sl. No.
CSR Activities
Budget 3
Road maintenace, installation of signages
1.0
Sub-total C 4 D.
Sustainable Livelihood Options 1
Strengthening Self Help Group of Women i
Training of to SHGs (Formation, Strengthening, Record keeping, Management & Maintenance)
0.6 ii
Training to SHGs on Entreprenuership Development 2
Income Generation Activities
Training for stitching, tailoring, embroidery & knitting, etc; skill training on Fitter & Electrician work
0.40
Revolving fund to SHGS Spice, Pickle & other food item preparation
Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture
Training to Farmers on Sustainable Agriculture followed by refresher training
Introduction of new crops(Mixed cropping, double cropping)
iii
Establishment of food & nutrition garden
0.4
Sub-total D
3.8 E.
Promotion of Local Sports & Culture
Distribution of Sports Kits, Organizing Inter Village Sports
Cultural programs, support in marriage of girls, etc
1.5
Sub-total E
2.1 F
Old age pension
2.0
Grand Total
26.0

86. EMP (Environment Management Plan)
Chapter 10
EMP
(Environment
Management Plan)

87. Environmental Management Planning
“Description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of the EIA”
Post project environmental monitoring
Environment Policy
Heirarchy
Execution plan for monitoring with recordables

88. Sample Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring
Sl. No.
Description of parameters
Location
Schedule and duration of monitoring 1.
Air Quality Monitoring:
Parameters: PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, Ozone, Lead, Ammonia, Benzene, Bap, Arsenic and Nickel (As per NAAQS 2009)
Four directions of plant premises including industrial and residential areas.
One 24 hourly sample per day, two days per week and 1 weeks per season or as per the MoEF&CC / CPCB/ SPCB guidelines, whichever are most stringent. 2.
Stack Emission Monitoring:PM, SO2, NO2
At all major stacks.
Once a month. 3.
Water Quality/effluents
Water quality of surface and ground as per IS : except radioactivity
Ground water- One within plant, one on down gradient and one on up gradient of plant Surface water- Upstream and downstream Water from River
ETP & STP- inlet and outlet
Ground water along with ground water levels- Thrice a year in April, August and December
Surface & ground water- in pre & post monsoon
ETP & STP- daily for pH and TDS 4.
Ambient noise level
One near plant and at five locations around the plant
Prior to every compliance submission 5.
Inventory of flora (Tree plantation, survival etc.)
Green belt
Once in a year within the green belt 6.
Soil quality
one plant area and one from out side plant area within 10 km radius 7.
Inventory of hazardous waste
Within plant
Monthly or as directed in NOC by SPCB

89. Sample Environment policy & Heirarchy of management

90. Sample flowchart for system of reporting non-complinaces

91. Sample Heirarchy of management
Inputs
Perusal of data from online monitoring systems attached to stacks continuous ambient air quality stations\
SMS alerts from SPCB/ CPCB
NOC/ EC conditions compliance status
Periodic Manual monitoring data
Inspection report of MOEFInspection report of SPCB
Complaints from local people, NGO or any other
Environmental statement (Form V)
Heirarchy of reporting upwards
DGM (Environment)--> Plant head --> Director --> Board of Directors
Type of reporting
Periodic written report, every fortnight is submitted even when all conditions are complied
Event based written reporting whenever any of the inputs reveals non compliance
Frequency of consideration by Board
Board of director meets regularly and considers the reports received as one of the agenda items. It is to be recorded in minutes of meeting. In case of non compliance, a decision for its resolution is to be taken and communicated down the line to the person executing the compliance.
The Environmental Statement (Form V) is to be considered annually and recorded in the Annual report.
Heirarchy of downward implementation
Board of directors --> Director --> Plant head --> to relevant OHS head/ staff or horticulture department or housekeeping or instrumentation department or pollution control devices operator or ETP operator or analysts with intimation to DGM (environment)

92. References:
Technical EIA Guidance Manual for cement Industry by IL&FS Ecosmart Limited, September 2009
Compendium Of Gazette Notifications, Office Memoranda Under Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006, MOEF&CC, Nov 2016
environmentclearance.nic.in