1. Exploring Space: Past, Present and Future
Space belief was mythology and speculation before telescopes were developed in 1608
There are two main types of optical (light) telescopes: refracting and reflecting.
Refracting telescopes use lenses to gather and focus light
Reflecting telescopes use mirrors to collect light and project it onto an eyepiece

2. Reflecting Optical Telescopes
Refracting Optical Telescope
Uses lenses to produce an image
An objective lens is used to gather and focus light
Galileo built the first refracting telescope
Reflecting Optical Telescopes
Use concave mirror to focus light
Mirror can be larger than a lens  more powerful
Eyepiece is on the side of the telescope

3. Observatories Why the dome? optical telescopes use LENSES and MIRRORS
temperature changes cause lenses and mirrors to expand and contract
domes MINIMIZE temp change
domes can ROTATE

4. Hubble Space Telescope
This telescope gives us a view of space from beyond the interference of the Earth’s atmosphere.
The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth and runs on solar energy from the sun.

6. Non-Optical Telescopes
Radio waves & infrared can be gathered and analyzed to learn about space
Radio telescopes:
analyze radio waves emitted by stars and galaxies travel through clouds, walls, space, etc.
The largest radio telescope in the world is in the mountains of Puerto Rico
Pulsars and black holes have been discovered
Used to search for life forms

8. White Lake Observatory Penticton, BC
By joining radio telescopes together in a network, results can be obtained as though one very large telescope was being used
White Lake Observatory
Penticton, BC

9. Infra-red Telescopes
Can detect very tiny levels of heat coming from an object (as little heat as a 20 watt light bulb)
IRAS View of the Milky Way Galaxy

10. Visible vs. Infra-red

12. USSR Takes the Lead USSR takes the lead by:
1st Satellite in space – Sputnik
1st living thing in space – Laika the dog
1st person in space & to orbit – Yuri Gagarin

13. The Technology of Space Travel
A rocket is used whenever we want to get something called a payload - into space

14. Space-based Observation
Satellites launched from Earth provide us with communication and safety every day.
Geosynchronous satellites orbit at the same rate as the Earth rotates, and stay above one point.
Probes launched from Earth have visited Venus, Mars and Saturn’s moon Titan, and have traveled through space to the far reaches of our solar system.
Rovers are used to maneuver scientific equipment after landing on planets and moons.
Titan Saturn’s Moon
Space-based Observation

15. Space Probes Outer Planets’ Probes Voyager I and II Pioneer 10 and 11
Our Moon
Apollo Spacecraft landed on the moon in 1969
Space Probes
Inner Planets’ Probes
Mariner
Pioneer
Magellan
Viking
Pathfinder
Sojourner

16. Space Shuttle
Orbiter – the reusable spacecraft that glides back to Cape Canaveral to be used over and over again.
SRB’s – Solid Rocket Boosters – used to help propel the orbiter into orbit. Once the fuel is exhausted, they are released and parachute back to the Atlantic ocean and reused.
External Fuel Tank – only part that is not reusable – it falls back to the earth, burning in the atmosphere.
Follow the links to watch the video
There have been 5 Orbiters:
Columbia
Challenger
Discovery
Endeavor
Atlantis

17. Canadarm
The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS), also known as Canadarm (Canadarm 1), is a series of robotic arms that were used on the Space Shuttle orbiters to deploy, maneuver and capture payloads.
One important job of the Canadarm was the 1993 repair of the Hubble Space Telescope
Chris Hadfield became the first Canadian to walk in space. –used the Canadarm to install the Candarm 2 for the International Space Station

18. Space Station

19. USA Manned Space Program
Program # of Astronauts Purpose
Mercury One astronaut To see if we could survive or live in space
Gemini Two astronauts To see if we could work
Apollo Three Astronauts Land safely and explore the moon
Shuttle – 7 astronauts Cargo ship to transport into low Earth orbit
International Varies Permanent Manned presence in space
Space Station

20. Project Apollo Purpose: Land on the moon & return safely to the Earth
3 Astronauts at a time

21. Apollo 1
Apollo 1 – Fire kills 3 Disaster: Ed White, Roger Chaffee and Gus Grissom die in launch pad fire while inside their Apollo 1 capsule. Fire was a result of 100% pure oxygen inside capsule, redesigned hatch that opened in instead of pushing out, and a short, a spark that ignited the fire.
Follow the link to watch the video

22. Apollo 8 & 9
Apollo 8 - Jim Lovell was on board this flight and was the first manned orbital flight around the moon.
Apollo 9 - Earth orbit test of the LEM, Lunar Excursion Module, tested the descent engine, the ascent engine and docking procedures.

23. Apollo 10
Apollo 10: Lunar orbital flight, Command module and LEM separate, LEM begins the descent to the lunar surface only to stop short and conduct a planned “abort”, never reaching the lunar surface.

24. Apollo 11 Apollo 11: July 20, 1969 - First humans to walk on the moon:
a. Neil Armstrong: 1st to walk on the moon.
b. Buzz Aldrin: 2nd to walk on the moon, took communion on the lunar surface.
c. Michael Collins, remained in lunar orbit onboard the Command Module
Follow the link to watch the video

25. Apollo 12
Apollo 12: 2nd flight to the moon. Saturn V rocket struck by lightning a few moments after liftoff.
a. Pete Conrad: Commander – 3rd man on moon
b. Alan Bean: LEM Pilot. – 4th man on moon
c. Dick Gordon, remained in lunar orbit onboard the Command Module

26. Lovelle, Mattingly & Haise before launch
Apollo 13
Major malfunction, explosion in the oxygen tank in the service module causes this near disaster.
Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swagirt were on board.
Ken Mattingly was bumped by Swagirt two days before the flight because he was exposed to the measles.
Lovelle, Mattingly & Haise before launch
Haise, Swagirt & Lovelle after landing

27. Apollo 17 Lunar rover Launch of the LEM from the moon
Gene Ceran – last man on the moon
Follow the link to watch the video