1. TOWNSHIPS
The owner of the property on which the township is to established applies to the Local planning Authority for a permit to establish the township.
The application requires particulars relating to-
The name and address of the owner,
Title deed description of the property,
The area of the property,
Information on servitudes, notorial leases, mortgage bonds and any other encumbrance to the land,
The subdivision Layout.
The application must be accompanied by-
The application fees
Consent in writing of mortgage bond holders
Consent of any holder of real right in land

2. Survey and computation of Township
Survey the parameters of the job –
beacon relocation,
position of existing pipelines, roads, power lines
Establish control for placing block corners.
2. Calculation of Township
Calculate coordinates of the outside figure.
Determine coordinates of not less than four well distributed corner points in each block of stands (where possible located at road intersections).
When blocks are separated from one another by a straight road, having two sides collinear, the combined figure may be treated as a single block.

3. 3. Placing block corners
Decide which block corners most facilitate the running of lines.
The two methods of placing block corners are:-
EDM – set up at a station and place radially.
Tape – run a traverse around block corner perimeters, such that each block corner required is within hundred metres of a traverse station and then set up on a station and place block corners.

4. 4. Running lines High density using a tape.
set up over a block corner and place pegs on line, using assistants to measure distances.
Measurements are usually in the order of 10 – 25m.
Three or four pegs before the end of the line, measure through to the theodolite and make adjustments over these last pegs for any misclosure.
If the misclosure is acceptable (≤ 0.20m) depending on the length of the line the placing of the internal beacons will have been checked adequately.
If the misclosure is not acceptable the pegs are removed and the process repeated.

5. Running lines High density using an EDM.
set up over a block corner and place pegs on line, by measuring cumulative distances from the EDM.
Set up over the opposite block corner and check the positions of placed beacons.
Each internal beacon is placed independent of the other.
High density using a GPS?????

6. Medium/ Low density
The same principle is applied except that measurements usually involve moving the instrument along the line.

7. Typical field book page ( running lines)
@ 1080X
( blue/ black ink) (Pencil)
1090X 270:00: :00:00
2000X 360:00: :00:00
1720X 135:00: :00:00
R.O :00:00
Pegs on line 1090X – 1080X by direct observations
1090A
1089A
1088A
1087A

8. 5. Concreting.
The placed pegs must be set in concrete mixed as prescribed in the land survey regulatiaons.

9. Sectional Titles