1. Resistance Movements and Opposition
Reid & Nic

2. Quick Background How did the Third Reich end?
What does this say about internal resistance in general?

3. The Groups Who opposed the Nazis within Germany?
Were opposition groups united or mostly isolated?

4. Communists Who was Wilhelm Knöckel?
What was the Red Orchestra? How successful were they?
Where did the cells receive their orders from? What did Stalin do in the 1930s?
How did the Nazi-Soviet Pact affect the communist resistance groups?
To what extent was Germany seen as a lost cause? Where did many activists go to help fight against Fascism?
What was the Uhrig group?
How successful was communist resistance within Germany?

5. Industrial Workers
Many of the industrial workers that resisted Nazi control were members or supporters of the Communist Party (KPD).
Who was Georg Elser? What did he do on November 8, 1939?
Did industrial unrest increase or decrease as the war carried on?
How successful was industrial resistance?

6. White Rose Group
What exactly was the White Rose Group? How did they pursue their goals?
What does the white rose symbolize? How does this relate to the methods used to discredit the Nazi Party?
What happened to Hans and Sophie Scholl in 1943?
“What we wrote and said is in the minds of you all. You just don’t say it aloud.”
Sophie Scholl

7. Edelweiss Pirates
What group were they opposed to? Hint: it’s in one of their slogans.
What part of Nazi culture did they dislike?
How did they rebel early on? Why was this difficult for Nazi authorities to stop?
How did their tactics shift as the war carried on?
How successful were they?

8. Christians
Were Christian opposition groups coordinated? Why was this a problem?
How widespread was Nazi intimidation of the clergy?
How did the Church resist the Nazis? Is this active resistance?
How successful was Christian resistance? Why?
Compare Christian resistance under Stalin and Hitler.
How does ideology play a role?

9. Conservative Elites
What did the conservative elites mainly control in Nazi society?
Why is this significant?
Did they support Nazism at first? Why or why not?
Did they place themselves in an unfavorable situation?
Were the conservative elites successful in the end?

10. Kreisau Circle Who were the Kreisau Circle?
What is significant about their composition?
Were their policies Conservative? Liberal? What were they influenced by?
What was their goal?
What caused their eventual downfall?
Were they successful?
Graf von Moltke and members of the Kreisau Circle anti-Nazi resistance group on trial in 1944

11. Portrait of Stauffenberg before military injuries
Stauffenberg Plot
What was the Stauffenberg Plot? Who were the main plotters?
Who was Col. von Stauffenberg?
When was the plot carried out? Where?
Did it succeed?
What prevented the plot from being successful?
Would the long-term plan have succeeded?
What became of the resistance after the plot?
Aftermath of Stauffenberg’s bomb

12. Hitler v Stalin
Which country saw more active resistance? Hint: kulaks / collectivization
Compare the methods used by resistance groups in Germany and the USSR.
How does literacy play a role?
Who saw more assassination attempts?
Compare the consequences for participants and impact of resistance.

13. Bibliography
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