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Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
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Figure 2.1: The Priestley Medal
Roald Hoffman
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Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms
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Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms
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Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms
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Figure 2.4: Representation of Gay-Lussac's Results
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Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
The Granger Collection, New York
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Comparison of Berzeliu's Atomic Masses
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Figure 2.5: Combining Gases at the Molecular Level
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Alchemists' Symbols
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Roger Du Buisson/The Stock Market/Corbis
Silicon Chip Roger Du Buisson/The Stock Market/Corbis
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The Cavendish Laboratory
Figure 2.6: J. J. Thomson The Cavendish Laboratory
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Figure 2.7: Cathode-ray Tube
Credit: Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs
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Figure 2.7: Cathode-ray Tube
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Figure 2.8: Deflection of Cathode Rays
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Figure 2.9: Plum Pudding Model
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Figure 2.9: A Classic English Plum Pudding in Which the Raisins Representthe Distribution of Electrons in the Atom. StockFood/Getty Images
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Figure 2.10: Schematic of Millikan 's Apparatus
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Figure 2.10: Robert Millikan Using His Apparatus to Determine Charge on an Electron
The Granger Collection, New York
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Figure 2.11: Ernest Rutherford
Topham Picture Library/The Image Works
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Figure 2.12: Rutherford's Experiment
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Figure 2.13: (a)(b) Metal Foil Experiment
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Figure 2.14: Cross Section, Nuclear Atom
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The Mass and Charge of Electron, Proton, and Neutron
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Figure 2.15: Isotopes of Sodium
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Size of Ball Bearing in Relation to Size of Athletic Stadium
Photo © Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Company. All rights reserved.
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Figure 2.16: (a) Structural Formula for Methane
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Figure 2.16: (b) Space-filling Model of Methane
Photo © Brooks/Cole, Cengag Learning Company. All rights reserved.
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Figure 2.16: (c) Ball-and-stick Model of Methane
Ken O'Donoghue
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Transfer of Electron from Sodium to Chlorine
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Electron Added to Chlorine
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Figure 2.17: Sodium Metal Reacting with Chlorine Gas
Photo © Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning Company. All rights reserved.
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Figure 2.17: Sodium Metal Reacting with Chlorine Gas
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Figure 2.18: Ball-and-stick Models of Ammonium Ion and Nitrate Ion
Photo © Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning Company. All rights reserved.
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Figure 2.19: Periodic Table
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Symbols for Elements Based on the Original Names
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Samples of Chlorine Gas, Liquid Bromine, and Solid Iodine
Photo © Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning Company. All rights reserved.
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Common Monatomic Cations and Anions
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Common Type II Cations
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Figure 2.20: Naming Binary Ionic Compounds, Flowchart
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Chromium Compounds Dissolved in Water
Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs
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Figure 2.21: Common Cations and Anions
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Common Polyatomic Ions
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Prefixes, Numbers in Chemical Names
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Figure 2.22: Naming Binary Compounds, Flowchart
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Figure 2.23: Overall Strategy for Naming Chemical Compounds
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Names of Acids Not Containing Oxygen
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Names of Oxygen-Containing Acids
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Figure 2.24: Naming Acids, Flowchart
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