1. Energy Levels, Sublevels & Orbitals

2. Electron Review Exact location unknown
Found outside of the nucleus in electron cloud
Found in energy levels
Energy levels closer to the nucleus have less energy than those farther from the nucleus
Electrons fill the energy levels closest to the nucleus first

3. Energy Levels Total of 7 1st energy level is closest to nucleus
Contain sublevels
Four types
s (lowest energy) p d
f (highest energy)

4. Each energy level does not contain the same sublevels
As the distance from the nucleus increases
energy levels can hold more electrons
Therefore, they can have more sublevels

5. Energy Levels & Their Sublevels1 s 2
s, p 3
s, p, d 4
s, p, d, f 5 6 7
If you want to name a specific sublevel in an energy level, you write the energy level number followed by the sublevel.
Example: 3rd energy level, d sublevel is written as 3d.

6. Each sublevel contains at least one orbital
Area of higher probability of finding electrons
Every orbital holds 2 electrons
Different sublevels have different shaped orbitals
s = spherical
p = dumbbell

7. Sublevels, Orbitals & Number of Electrons
Number of orbitals
Total number of electrons in sublevel s 1 p 3 d 5 f 7 2 6 10 14

8. Energy Levels and Electrons
Total Number of Electrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 2
2 + 6 = 8
= 18
= 32 32 32

9. There is some overlap between energy sublevels
d sublevel has slightly more energy than the s sublevel of the next energy level
Example:
3rd energy level d sublevel > 4th energy level s sublevel
means that electrons will fill a 4s sublevel before it fills a 3d sublevel

10. Aufbau Principle
states order of how electrons fill energy levels and sublevels
Always fill lowest energy levels and sublevels first