1. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
MULTIPLE EMULSION
By Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam
Associate Professor
Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
By Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

2. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
CONTENT
Definitio of Emulsion.
What is multiple emulsion?
What is emulsifing agent?
Mechanism of drug release.
Equipments used in emulsion preparation.
Application
What is Microemulsion?
Characteristics of microemulsion.
Advantage , Disadvantage & Application of microemulsion.
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
By Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

3. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

4. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
EMULSION
DEFINATION:”emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable mixture of two immiscible liquids.”
TYPES:
Micro(transperent)
O/W
W/0
O/W/O
W/O/W
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
=water phase =oil phase

5. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
Multiple emulsion are complex system which consist of both w/o and o/w at the same time.
There are potential matrices for the encapsulation of biactive compounds and for the controlled release compounds
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
By Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

6. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
MULTIPLE EMULSION
HYDROPHILIC SURFACTANT
Multiple emulsion w/o/w contain two emulsifiers:
1 Low HLB surfactant (Hydrophobic in nature)
2 High HLB surfactant (Hydrophilic in nature)
Low HLB surfactant use in disperse phase
High HLB surfactant use in continous phase.
HYDROPHOBIC SURFACTANT
W/O/W SYSTEM
=water phase =oil phase
O/W/O SYSTEM
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

7. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

8. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
surfactants
Anionic
Sodium oleate
Pottasium oleate
Glyceryl monostearate
Non ionic
span 80
span20
Tween 20
Tween 60
Tween 80
cationic
Benzalkonium chloride
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

9. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

10. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
METHOD OF PREPARATION
Two step emulsification.
Phase inversion technique.
Microcapillary devices
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

11. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

12. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

13. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

14. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

15. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

16. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

17. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
EQUIPMENTS
MECHANICAL STIRRES
Impellers mounted on a shaft.
Paddles or blade is used.
Degree of agitation is controlled by speed but liquid flow pattern is by type of impellers.
To electric motor
shaft
Impeller/blade
Mechanical stirrer
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

18. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
inlet
Vibrating blade
outlet
ULTRASONIFIERS
Use ultrasonic enegry for emulsification.
Nozzle jet
ultrasonifiers
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

19. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
HOMOGENIZR
Forcing liquid mixture through small orifice at very high pressure.
(500 to 5000psi)
Yiled emulsion of very low particle size(1nm).
outlet
spring
Small orifice
inlet
homogenizer
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

20. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
APPLICATION
In theory, multiple emulsions have significant potential for breakthrough applications in food, agricultural, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries in which they can facilitate the sustained release and transport of active material.
In cosmetics, these systems can prevent degradation of an active ingredient and release it at a controlled rate.
They can also improve dissolutions or solubilization of insoluble materials.
Due to these properties, multiple emulsions find applications related to protecting sensitive and active molecules such as vitamins C and E from the external phase—a process called antioxidation.
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

21. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

22. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
Characterization
1.Microscopic examination – color ,consistancy ,Homogenicity. 2. Macroscopic examination – Average globule size & size distribution coarse multiple emulsion > 3micron fine multiple emulsion 1-3 micron micro multiple emulsion <1 micron
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

23. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
Average globule size & size distribution:
Area of interfaces: Equation:- S=6/d
Number of globules: No. of globules x dilution x4000
No. of small squares counted
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

24. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
3.Zeta potential –
smouchowski equation
ζ = 4πηµ X 103 εE
where, ζ = zeta potential
η = viscosity of dispersion medium.
µ = migration velosity.
ε = dielectric constant of dispersion
medium.
E = potential gradient.
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

25. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
4. Entrapment efficiency –
dialysis method
c =
(1- n1V*/ (n0-n1)v1)
n0 = initial drug concentration of drug in
inner aqueous phase
n1 = concentration of drug in dialysate
V* = constant
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

26. Phosphate saline buffer pH 7.4
5. Rheological analysis . e.g. viscosity 6. Drug release rate.
Phosphate saline buffer pH 7.4
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

27. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA
THANK YOU
Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA