1. Surface energy balance and photosynthesis: scaling from leaf to canopy with the SCOPE model
Christiaan van der Tol, Wouter Verhoef, Joris Timmermans, Anne Verhoef, Bob Su, Suvarna Punalekar, Clement Duffour, Joe Berry

2. The surface energy balance
SCOPE is a classical SVAT (Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer scheme combined with Radiative transfer models for leaf and canopy
It simulates:
Photosynthesis
The surface energy balance
Reflectance spectra and ratiation emission between 0.4 and 50 μm
IGARSS 2012, July, Munich

3. IGARSS 2012, July, Munich

4. Simulation of observations Simulation of processes
- optical
- thermal
- fluorescence
Simulation of processes
- hydrological
- physiological
- meteorological
Leaf level
FLUSPECT
PROSPECT
Biochemical model
Canopy level
Radiative transfer models (SAIL family)
Energy balance model

6. Scattering of Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves (SAIL)
Retrieve information about…
Canopy
density
leaf area index
leaf inclination
Leaf
leaf chlorophyll
leaf water content
leaf thickness

7. Advantage of Fluorescence over greenness indices:
Not only the presence or structure, but also the activity of the vegetation F
CO2 E H Rn
Photosynthesis

8. leaf level canopy level2
biochemical model for the leaf 1
FLUSPECT model:
observation model for the leaf
canopy level 1 2
Lf=
input
spectrum
all visible leaves

9. Optical-
near infrared
Thermal
infrared
Fluorescence

10. SCOPE simulations of radiance
With and without fluorescence

11. Example 1
Multi-directional observations (left) and model simulations (right) of brightness temperatures (Duffour et al., 2015, AFM, in press)

12. Example 2
Comparison of measured (symbols) and modelled (lines) diurnal cycles of fluxes and temperature (Punalekar et al., sumbitted to AFM)

13. Example 2, continued

14. Example 3.
Vertical profiles of temperature in the canopy (Punalekar et al., submitted to AFM)

15. Example 4.
Modelled and measured canopy reflectance spectra (Punalekar et al., submitted to AFM)

16. Example 5.
Measured (left) and modelled (right) responses of GPP and Chlorophyll fluorescence to irradiance.Diurnal cycles of Chlorophyll fluorescence (Van der Tol et al, in prep)