1. The Holocaust 11 million people were exterminated
6 million jews 5 million others

2. The Holocaust
HOLOCAUST (Heb., sho'ah) which originally meant a sacrifice totally burned by fire
GENOCIDE: the systematic extermination of a nationality or group

3. The Holocaust Causes The Power of Words The Stages of Isolation
The Bystander versus the Collaborator
Anti-Semitism

4. For hundreds of years Christian Europe had regarded the Jews as the Christ -killers. At one time or another Jews had been driven out of almost every European country. The way they were treated in England in the thirteenth century is a typical example.
In 1275 they were made to wear a yellow badge.
In Jews were hanged in the Tower of London.
Jews were a SCAPEGOAT
This deep prejudice against Jews was still strong in the twentieth century, especially in Germany, Poland and Eastern Europe, where the Jewish population was very large.
After the First World War hundreds of Jews were blamed for the defeat in the War. Prejudice against the Jews grew during the economic depression which followed. Many Germans were poor and unemployed and wanted someone to blame. They turned on the Jews, many of whom were rich and successful in business.

5. The Power of Words… Hitler’s
The Holocaust
The Power of Words… Hitler’s
“The great masses of the people will more easily fall victims to a big lie than a small one”
“How fortunate for leaders that men do not think”
The victor will never be asked if he told the truth”
The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew”

6. European Jewish Population in 1933 was 9,508,340
The Holocaust
European Jewish Population in 1933 was 9,508,340
Estimated Jewish Survivors of Holocaust: 3,546,211

7. Percentage of Jews killed in each country
AUSTRIA 35%
POLAND 91%
USSR 36%
NORWAY 45%
BELGIUM 45%
LUXEMBOURG 55%
ESTONIA 44%
ROMANIA 84%
A Total of 6,000,000 Jews
HUNGARY 74%
YUGOSLAVIA 81%
BOHEMIA 60%
How did they manage to get together all these Jews to kills them?
How did they kill them when they had them?
To begin with there were concentration camps.
LATVIA 84%
NETHERLANDS 71%
LITHUANIA 85%
GERMANY 36%
FRANCE 22%
GREECE 87%

8. The Holocaust The 5 Stages of Isolation Stripping of Rights
Segregation
Concentration
Extermination
Aftermath

9. Stage 1: Stripping of Rights
1935: Nuremberg Laws stated that all JEWS were :
stripped of German citizenship
fired from jobs & businesses boycotted
banned from German schools and universities
Marriages between Jews and Aryans forbidden
Forced to carry ID cards
Passports stamped with a “J”
forced to wear the arm band of the Yellow “Star of David”
Jewish synagogues destroyed
forced to pay reparations and a special income tax
Reparations of 1 billion Reichmarks after Kristallnacht

10. Stage 1: Stripping of Rights
1938: Kristallnacht – Night of Broken Glass
Nazi’s attacked the Jewish communities
The looted and destroyed 1000 synagogues
They destroyed over 7000 businesses (They smashed windows, ruined Jewish hospitals, schools, cemeteries, and homes.
In all 96 Jews were killed and 20,000 were arrested.
Reparations of 1 billion Reichmarks after Kristallnacht 10

11. Stage 2: Segregation GHETTOS
Jews were forced to live in designated areas called “ghettos” to isolate them from the rest of society
Nazis established 356 ghettos in Poland, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Hungary during WWII
Ghettos were filthy, with poor sanitation and extreme overcrowding
Disease was rampant and food was in such short supply that many slowly starved to death
Warsaw, the largest ghetto, held 500,000 people and was 3.5 square miles in size

13. Stage 3: Concentration Camps
essential to Nazi’s systematic oppression and eventual mass murder of enemies of Nazi Germany (Jews, Communists, homosexuals, opponents)
Slave labour “annihilation by work”
Prisoners faced undernourishment and starvation
Prisoners transported in cattle freight cars
Camps were built on railroad lines for efficient transportation

15. Life in the Camps possessions were confiscated heads were shaved
arms tattooed
Prison uniforms
Men, women and children were separated
Survival based on trade skills / physical strength
Unsanitary, disease ridden and lice infested barracks
inhumane medical experiments

18. Stage 4: Extermination
Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing units) had began killing operations aimed at entire Jewish communities in the 1930s
DEATH FACTORIES: Nazi extermination camps fulfilled the singular function of mass murder
Euthanasia program: Nazi policy to eliminate “life unworthy of life” (mentally or physically challenged) to promote Aryan “racial integrity”

19. “FINAL SOLUTION”
Wannsee Conference (Berlin ) established the “complete solution of the Jewish question”
called for the complete and mass annihilation and extermination of the Jews as well as other groups
Zyklon B gas became the agent in the mass extermination

20. Part of a stockpile of Zyklon-B poison gas pellets found at Majdanek death camp.
Before poison gas was used , Jews were gassed in mobile gas vans. Carbon monoxide gas from the engine’s exhaust was fed into the sealed rear compartment. Victims were dead by the time they reached the burial site.
THIS IS THE GAS THAT WAS INTRODUCED IN 1942.
JEWS WERE SENT INTO SEALED SHOWER UNITS ON THE PRETENCE THAT THEY WERE GOING TO BE SHOWERED. PELLETS WERE THEN PLACED INTO THE SHOWER HEADS AND GAS CAME FROM THE SHOWERS INSTEAD OF WATER.
15 MINUTES LATER THE SHOWER ROOM WOULD BE EMPTIED, BODIES WERE ALWAYS IN A PYRAMID SHAPE, PEOPLE TRIED TO CLIMB ON TOP OF ONE ANOTHER TO ESCAPE THE GAS.
BEFORE THIS TYPE OF KILLING METHOD WAS INTRODUCED THOUGH A MORE PRIMITIVE GASSING METHOD WAS USED....
I DON'T KNOW HOW, OR EVEN WHY THIS PHOTO WAS TAKEN, BUT IT SHOWS SOME MEN AWAITING DEATH ON THEIR WAY TO THEIR BURIAL PLACE.
DID THEY ALWAYS BURY THE DEAD?

21. Smoke rises as the bodies are burnt.
NO.
MORE OFTEN THAN NOT, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE MURDERED GREW ESPECIALLY HIGH, NAZIS BURNED THE BODIES.
SO WHAT OTHER METHODS WERE USED TO SYSTEMATICALLY MURDER THESE PEOPLE?

22. Jewish women, some holding infants, are forced to wait in a line before their execution by Germans and Ukrainian collaborators.
MASS EXECUTION USING A FIRING SQUAD WAS COMMON.
THESE WOMEN HAVE BEEN ORDERED TO REMOVE EVERYTHING, CLOTHES, JEWELLERY, EVEN WEDDING RINGS AND ARE BEING FORCED TO LINE UP AND WAIT FOR THEIR TURN TO BE KILLED.
SOME TIME LATER...

23. Gas Chambers & Crematoriums
Prisoners were sent to gas chambers disguised as showers
Zyklon B gas used to gas people in 3 – 15 minutes
Up to 8000 people were gassed per day at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest death camp with 4 operating gas chambers
Gold fillings from victims teeth were melted down to make gold bards
Prisoners moved dead bodies to massive crematoriums

25. Portrait of two-year-old Mania Halef, a Jewish child who was among the 33,771 persons shot by the SS during the mass executions at Babi Yar, September,
THIS PICTURE TELLS US A LOT.
HER PARENTS ARE OBVIOUSLY WEALTHY ENOUGH TO HAVE HAD A PORTRAIT DONE, SO IT SHOWS US THAT THE STATUS OF THE JEWS DID NOT MATTER TO THE NAZIS. IT WAS NOT JUST THE POOR WHICH WERE KILLED.
THEY WERE KILLED REGARDLESS OF WEALTH OR STATUS, THEIR DEATH WAS DETERMINED BY RELIGION AND RACE.

26. Nazis sift through a huge pile of clothes left by victims of the massacre.
Two year old Mani Halef’s clothes are somewhere amongst these.
GIVES SOME IDEA OF THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE.
BUT WHY DID THE NAZI WANT THEM TO REMOVE THEIR CLOTHES?
WHAT DID THEY WANT WITH THEIR JEWELLERY, CLOTHES, EVEN HAIR?

27. In 1943, when the number of murdered Jews exceeded 1 million
In 1943, when the number of murdered Jews exceeded 1 million. Nazis ordered the bodies of those buried to be dug up and burned to destroy all traces.
OBVIOUSLY TOWARDS THE END OF THE WAR THEY TRIED TO COVER THEIR TRACKS.
IT WAS NOT GUILT THOUGH AND THEY DID NOT DO THE WORK THEMSELVES. THEY MADE JEWS AND OTHER PRISONERS OF WAR DIG UP THE BODIES AND BURN THEM INSTEAD.
Soviet POWs at forced labor in 1943 exhuming bodies in the ravine at Babi Yar, where the Nazis had murdered over 33,000 Jews in September of 1941.

28. Nearing the End of the War
By 1945, the Nazis’ began to destroy crematoriums and camps as Allied troops closed in
Death Marches (Todesmarsche): Between , Nazis ordered marches over long distances. Approximately – prisoners perished in Death Marches
On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army entered Auschwitz (largest camp) and liberated more than 7,000 remaining prisoners, who were mostly ill and dying.

30. Nazis confiscated property of prisoners in storerooms nicknamed “Kanada” because the sheer amount of loot stored there was associated with the riches of Canada

31. This is what the Allies found upon liberating Auschwitz death camp

32. Swastika: A Symbol of Good or Evil?
the swastika is an ancient Indian symbol (Sanskrit) that is over 3,000 years old meaning well being, life and good luck, prosperity
the swastika is sacred religious symbol for Hindus, Jains and Buddhists
Common symbol in ancient civilizations (Mesopotamia, India, China, Central and South America (Maya)
In 1920, Adolf Hitler decided that the Nazi Party needed its own insignia and flag and chose the swastika to represent the mission of the struggle for the victory of the Aryan man
Because of the Nazis' flag, the swastika soon became a symbol of hate, anti-Semitism, violence, death, and murder.

33. Holocaust Art

36. Stage 5: Aftermath
The camps were liberated only to find sick and dying people
people were liberated from the camps
Jews were left with nothing; poor and homeless
The indictments were for:
Participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of crime against peace
War crimes
Crimes against humanity
Planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace