1. GIS TOOLS INTEGRATING SOURCE WATER PROTECTION WITH CLEAN WATER ACT WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
42nd America Water Resources Association Conference
Session 26: GIS & Modeling Tools for Water Resources Management
November 6-9, 2006
Baltimore, MD
Authors:
William Cooter, RTI International (presenter)
James Rineer, RTI International
Kevin Pickren, RTI International
Sunil Rao, RTI International
Scott Guthrie, RTI International
Michael Bacon, RTI International
Roger Anzzolin, US EPA, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water

2. Acknowledgements
The work described in this presentation was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contract 68-C with Research Triangle Institute (RTI). RTI gratefully acknowledges this support.
Disclaimer: Although the research described has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contract 68-C to Research Triangle Institute, it has not been subject to the Agency's review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Disclaimer: In the interest of protecting certain types of information, and in accordance with EPA protocol, the GIS data displayed in the following images were rendered for display purposes only and do not accurately represent actual data from EPA’s spatial databases.

3. Presentation Outline
Overview of the Drinking Water Mapping Application (DWMA) and National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Area of Investigation approaches to create large area or corridor services using the NHD and the NHDPlus and other vector, raster or remote sensing data
Cross-program initiatives linking source water protection goals with management goals of EPA, other federal agency programs, and state programs (e.g., TMDLs, Forest Service programs, and Underground Storage Tanks)

4. What is the DWMA?
A secure, web-based geospatial application for internal use by the US EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) and other interested EPA staff.
Querying and mapping for both surface water and ground water for issues related to source water protection

5. What is the DWMA? continued
Uses information (e.g., intakes) georeferenced to the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Performs NHD-based upstream/downstream and proximity analyses
Uses Area of Investigation (AOI) data mining tools to process both vector data (e.g., for regulated facilities) and raster data

6. DWMA Source Protection Areas: Current Approaches
Surface water analytical
Source Protection Areas (SPAs)
Polygon Areas of Investigation (AOIs) constructed around the reaches that fall within 15 miles of a drinking water intake.
Convex hulls created in Oracle Spatial.
Not a watershed, but a reasonable approximation.
Uses the current version of the NHD

7. Analytical Groundwater Source Protection Areas
Wells handled differently, since they extend vertically.
Source protection Area defined as simply a 1 mile radius buffer around each of approximately 200,000 wellheads.

8. SPAs provide Area of Investigation frameworks for analyzing patterns for vector data (e.g., point risks form dischargers or waste sites) and raster data (e.g., land cover information from the NLCD)
Percent Impervious Cover indicators can be estimated for each SPA
Indicators determined for around 200,000 SPAs related to both surface intakes and wellheads

9. NHDPlus: Provides Enhancements to the Standard National Hydrography Dataset
Improves the utility of the NHD in applications
Includes facilities to model water flow and time of travel through the NHD network
Provides a set of catchments polygons for each NHD flowpath
Can tie datasets or GIS layers related to landscape features (e.g., the National Land Cover Dataset) to the NHD stream network

10. NHD Catchments can be Aggregated to Match the HUC8/HUC10/HUC12 Polygons in the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)
NHD catchments apply the “New England Method” from the USGS New England SPARROW initiative
Involves burning NHD flowpath information into the National Elevation Dataset (NED)
Provides compatibility between NHD flowpaths (also catchments) and information from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)

11. Current SPAs as “hulls” will be upgraded using the NHDPlus Catchments to provide more accurate watershed templates for geospatial analyses

12. Examples of Area of Investigation Approaches using the NHDPlus
Area of investigation frameworks can be generalized to coverage a wide range of target areas:
Administrative units (e.g., city boundaries)
Highway corridors
Natural disaster zones

13. NHDPlus Upstream/downstream Watershed Envelopes for Administrative Units
Urban Boundaries (Salem, Oregon, shown in figure)
Federal Lands (e.g., National Forests)
National Parks
Military Bases
Tribal Lands

14. Highway Corridors

15. Natural Disaster Zones

16. Cross-program applications of DWMA features and functionality: some examples
Source water protection and TMDLs
Waste sites and public lands management
Underground Storage Tanks

17. Source Water Protection and 303(d)/TMDL Crosswalk

18. Wastesites + TMDLs + Federal Lands + SPAs
Bunker Hill “Box” in northern Idaho on the South Fork Coeur D’Alene River

19. Upstream/Downstream Flowpaths and Catchments from the NHDPlus

20. Federal Lands in Proximity to the Day’s-Time-of- Travel AOI Watershed for the Bunker Hill NPL Site

21. Underground Storage Tanks & Source Water Protection Crosswalk

22. GIS TOOLS INTEGRATING SOURCE WATER PROTECTION WITH CLEAN WATER ACT WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
42nd America Water Resources Association Conference
Session 26: GIS & Modeling Tools for Water Resources Management
November 6-9, 2006
Baltimore, MD
Contact Information
Roger Anzzolin
US EPA, OGWDW, Washington, DC
William Cooter
RTI International, RTP, NC