1. Oracle for the SQL Server Trainer
9/12/2018 1:02 AM
Oracle for the SQL Server Trainer
© 2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

2. Agenda Terminology SQL differences Features 9/12/2018 1:02 AM
© 2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

3. Objectives Translation between the worlds
Understand Terminology Differences
Understand the similarities between the two platforms
Understand the differences between the two platforms
Understand some of the SQL differences

4. Lesson 1
Terminology

5. SQL Server Terminology
Instance
Installation of SQL Server
Includes physical files and in-memory processes
What you connect to
Database
Collection of Objects (Tables, Views, Procs…)
Has physical file storage
Schema
Grouping of database objects
Login
Credential used to access the instance
User
Database Level Object which provides access
Mapped to a Login
Linked Server
Access another instance

6. Oracle Terminology Instance Database Schema User Database Link
Processes used to access data
What you connect to
Database
Physical files used to store data
Schema
Collection of objects (Tables, Views, Procs …)
User
Credentials used to access a database
Tied to a particular schema
1:1 relationship with a schema
Database Link
Access another database

7. Mapping the Terminology
SQL Server
Instance
Database + Instance
Database
Schema (12c Pluggable Database)
Schema ?
Login
User
User ?
Linked Server
Database Link

8. Oracle communications
1: Database and instances
Oracle communications
Oracle connections
Client
person
system
Application
layer
Oracle Net
foundation
Oracle
protocol
support layer
Database server
Listener (defined by listener.ora; may implement TNSnames.ora)
Oracle instance
Oracle protocol
Storage system
Data storage
Oracle Net, a set of functionalities within Oracle Net Services, is the proprietary communication software used by a client application to communicate with an Oracle database server. Using the Oracle protocol support layer, within Oracle Net, each end of the connection is able to establish a protocol to be used between the two. Without Oracle Net installed on both systems, the appropriate “handshaking” within the protocol could not be created. Oracle protocol support works with a variety of industry-standard protocols (including the ubiquitous TCP/IP). Once the protocols are confirmed, the Oracle Net foundation layer communicates with the application to establish a connection to request or update information. Until the work is completed, the foundation layer manages the connection.
Key components in the interaction of the user (client) with the database environment

9. SQL Server communications
1: Database and instances
SQL Server communications
SQL Server connections
Client
person
system
Application
layer
SQL Server
Network
Interface
Protocol
Layer
SQL Server Native Client network libraries
Database server engine
TDS endpoints (shared memory, TCP/IP, named pipes, VIA, and DAC)
Relational engine
Tabular data
stream packet
SQL Server Network Interface Layer
Storage system
Data storage
Ensure the students understand the difference between the network configuration and client configuration when it comes to the protocols.
Key components in the interaction of the user (client) with the database environment

10. Temporary tablespace groups
4: Database architecture
Storage architecture
Database storage architecture includes physical and logical structures
Physical structures are data files, log files, and operating system blocks.
Logical structures are subdivisions of data files used to manage storage space.
Let’s talk about Storage Architecture
When you migrate, you have the opportunity to do it right
Spend time to understand and plan for the following:
How to set up SQL Server file locations/file groups/heap index/extents/pages. Note that in Oracle, the block size is variable, but in SQL Server it is set at 8KB.
Compression, which is an option with SQL Server, can provide a good ROI
Note that SQL Server is pre-optimized for the Operating System, reducing the work you need to do. (For example prior to SQL Server 2008, you had to manually optimize and set up partition alignment. From SQL Server 2008 onward, this is done automatically.)
Data file
Physical
Logical
Tablespace
Temporary tablespace groups
Segment
Extent
Oracle
Blocks
Heap/index
Filegroup
SQL Server
Pages
Tempdb

11. Mapping of tablespaces and filegroups
4: Database architecture
Mapping of tablespaces and filegroups
Oracle database
instance
Data file
Tablespace Group
Redo Log
Redo log
System tablespace
SysAux tablespace
Temporary tablespace
BigFile tablespace
User data tablespace
User index tablespace
Undo tablespace
Redo log files
SQL Server
User Database
Log files
Master database
Resource database
Tempdb database
Model database
MSDB
User database
Data filegroup
Index filegroup
Log file(s)
This slide shows the mapping of tablespaces and file groups terminology and architecture from an Oracle database instance to SQL Server.
Note since SQL Server has a multi-database architecture, there are no user quotas on filegroups or files. If a user has permissions to CREATE TABLE in a database that table can be placed on any of the database’s filegroups.

12. Comparing background processes
2: Instance architecture
Comparing background processes

13. Comparison of core schema and data structures (objects)
4: Database architecture
Schema Objects
Comparison of core schema and data structures (objects)
Table
Index
View
Synonym
Sequence
Procedure
Function
Package
Queue in Streams Advanced Queuing
Object Type
XML DB
Stored procedure
SSMA transfers to stored procedures
Service Broker Queue
User-Defined Type
XML Schema Collection and Data Type
There are differences between the schema and data structures (objects) terminology used with Oracle Databases compared with SQL Server
Table, Indexes, Views and Synonym terms are the same
The use of Sequences are equivalent now, though they were different until SQL 2008R2
An Oracle procedure is called a Stored Procedure in SQL Server
An Oracle package does not exist in SQL Server, but SSMA creates equivalent components to plug that gap.
EG MY_PACKAGE.MY_PROCEDURE is mapped to MY_PACKAGE_MY_PROCUEDURE
Package variables are supported with CLR functions
Materialized views map to Indexed views
Indexed views are updated as part of the statement that modifies the table, similar to ON COMMIT REFRESH in Oracle.
Both Oracle and SQL Server have triggers, but Oracle’s implementation is a little different
Oracle has both statement triggers and row triggers
SQL Server has only statement triggers (set-based)
You can use a cursor inside a statement trigger to emulate a row trigger
Oracle
SQL Server

14. 40074A
4: Database architecture
Logging model
Oracle uses online redo logs to record changes made to the database by transactions and to undo segments to capture the before image of data.
SQL Server implements both of these functions using transaction logs. Each transaction record contains the undo and redo image of the transaction.
SQL Server and Oracle ensure data durability and recovery capabilities using Write-Ahead Logging, hardening log records when a transaction is committed, and hardening the changed database pages sometime later.
Understanding database logging is vital as you design a system to meet the recovery time and data loss objectives in your requirements definition.
Oracle uses online redo logs to record changes made to the database by transactions, and undo segments to capture the before image of data.
SQL Server implements both of these functions using transaction logs. Each transaction record contains the undo and redo image of the transaction.
Oracle uses the UNDO to provide row-versioning transaction isolation. SQL Server uses the version store in TempDb for this, not the transaction log.
Oracle uses multiple redo log files, and rotates between them.
SQL Server divides each physical log file internally into a number of virtual log files (VLFs) containing log records. VLFs have no fixed size, and there is no fixed number of virtual log files for a physical log file. The size of the virtual log files is determined dynamically by SQL Server when creating or extending physical log files. SQL Server tries to maintain a small number of VLFs for the best performance. The size or number of virtual log files cannot be configured or set by system administrators, but it can be influenced by the initial creation of the transaction log file and the subsequent growth of that file.
When the database is created, the logical log file begins at the start of the physical log file. New log records are added at the end of the logical log and expand toward the end of the physical log.
In SQL Server the log file is reused after CHECKPOINT in SIMPLE RECOVERY or after a LOG BACKUP in full recovery.
In Oracle the redo logs are overwritten in NOARCHIEVELOGMODE and copied to in ARCHIEVELOGMODE.
The MinLSN is the log sequence number of the oldest log record that is required for a successful database-wide rollback.
The MinLSN is the minimum of the:
LSN of the start of the checkpoint.
LSN of the start of the oldest active transaction.
LSN of the start of the oldest replication transaction that has not yet been delivered to the distribution database.
References:
SQL Swiss Army Knife #9 - Fixing VLFs ( army-knife-9-vlfs-revisited.aspx)
SQL Swiss Army Knife #10 - VLFs again. What’s your current status? ( current-status.aspx)
Transaction Log VLFs – too many or too few? ( many-or-too-few)
Important change to VLF creation algorithm in SQL Server (
Checkpoints and the Active Portion of the Log ( us/library/ms189573(v=sql.100).aspx)

15. Diagnostic and Performance Views
9/12/2018 1:02 AM
Diagnostic and Performance Views
Both Oracle and SQL Server have system views and functions that enable insight into the current state of the system and provide real-time snapshots of internal memory structures indicating the server state.
SQL Server Dynamic Management Views (DMVs)
select * from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
select * from sys.dm_exec_session_wait_stats
Oracle Dynamic Performance Views (V$ Views)
select * from v$sql_plan_statistics
select * from v$session_wait_class
© 2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

16. Table types in Oracle and SQL Server
5: Data Objects
Understanding tables
Table types in Oracle and SQL Server
Oracle
SQL Server
Heap-organized table
Heap
Clustered table
N/A
Partition table
Partitioned table
Temporary table
External table
Linked server/ External Table
Object table
Table type
Index-organized table
Clustered index
In-Memory OLTP table
Hybrid columnar compressed table
Columnstore index
To improve performance and extend functionality, each DBMS offers types of tables that support varying access needs. Oracle and SQL Server have different terminology regarding these constructs:
Oracle has a Heap-organized table which SQL Server calls “Heap”
Oracle’s ‘Clustered’ tables are called ‘Indexed Views’ in SQL Server
Both Oracle and SQL Server have ‘Partition’ & ‘Temporary’ tables
Oracle’s ‘External’ tables are called ‘Linked Servers’ in SQL Server.
Oracle’s ‘Object’ table is called ‘Table Type’ in SQL Server.
Oracle’s ‘Index-organized’ tables are referred to as a ‘Clustered index’ in SQL Server.
Oracle does not have an equivalent/term for SQL Server’s In-Memory OLTP table
And Oracle’s ‘Hybrid columnar’ compressed tables are similar to Columnstore indexes in SQL Server.
Tables are the primary objects that store data in rows and columns.
To improve performance and extend functionality, each DBMS offers different types of tables that support different access needs.

17. Indexes Index structures in Oracle and SQL Server Feature Oracle
5: Data Objects
Indexes
Feature
Oracle
SQL Server
B-tree unique
Yes
B-tree non-unique
B-tree composite
Yes (32 cols)
Yes (16 cols)
B-tree ascending/descending
B-tree reverse key No
B-tree key compressed
B-tree function-based
Filtered Indexes/Indexes on computed columns
B-tree index organized table
Yes (clustered index)
B-tree partitioned
Bitmap
Bitmap join
Columnstore index
In-Memory OLTP table index
Invisible index
Index structures in Oracle and SQL Server
It is very important to use indexes to derive the benefits of any relational database system.
During migration, make sure you understand the index capabilities of SQL Server and use those capabilities.
Before migrating indexes it is important to ensure that they are actually used. Do not migrate unnecessary or unused indexes as this can result in a lot of unnecessary processing.
Also note that since SQL is more “set-based” than Oracle, it may need fewer indexes due to advanced query optimizations.
We recommend that you use the index tuning wizard after migration to recommend new indexes. Do not run this wizard during peak load times, however.
* If asked by attendees, Oracle’s invisible indexes are maintained like any other index, but they are ignored by the optimizer unless the OPTIMIZER_USE_INVISIBLE_INDEXES parameter is set to TRUE at the instance or session level. Disabled indexes in SQL Server prevent user access to the index, and for clustered indexes, to the underlying table data. The index definition remains in metadata and index statistics are kept on nonclustered indexes. Disabling a clustered index on a table prevents access to the data; the data still remains in the table, but is unavailable for DML operations until the index is dropped or rebuilt.

18. Lesson 2
SQL similarities and differences

19. Similarities Relational Database Optimizer Service you connect to
Normalization, Indexing, Design matter in both
Bad Data Model = Bad Data Model
Good Data Model = Good Data Model
Optimizer
Cost based
Execution Plans
Service you connect to
Listener
Instance

20. Similarities Features SQL Replication SQL Server Peer to Peer
Oracle MultiMaster
Mirroring / Log Shipping
Types of Data Guard
SQL
Mostly the same
Fight over ANSI-92!

21. Differences Locking Methodology Clustering Multi-Platform
Optimistic vs. Pessimistic
Think Snapshot Isolation Level
Clustering
RAC is true Active/Active
SQL is Failover
Multi-Platform
Pros and Cons
Tons of Configuration Options
Complexity

22. Differences (cont.) Data Types Built-In Functions Too many to list
Google is your friend
You should also know how each platform maps to SSIS Data Types
Built-In Functions
Also too many to list
Example:
MSSQL: GETDATE()
Oracle: SYSDATE

23. SQL Language Differences
T-SQL is T-SQL
In Oracle, SQL <> PL/SQL
PL/SQL is the procedure language
SQL is vanilla DML language
The difference between the two is a big deal to Oracle DBAs
Performance impact of using PL/SQL

24. Example Differences Need for Dual table AutoNumber / Identity INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE

25. Dual()
MSSQL:
Oracle:
select getdate();
select sysdate from dual;

26. Auto Numbering MSSQL IDENTITY Property New starting in 2012 Oracle
create table t1 (
col1 int identity(1,1)
col2 int);
insert t1(col2) values(3);
create table t1 ( col1 int
col2 int);
create sequence t1_seq
start with 1
increment by 1;
insert t1(col1, col2) values(next value for t1_seq, 3);
create table t1 (col1
integer,
col2 integer);
create sequence t1_seq
increment by 1
start with 1;
insert into t1 values (t1_seq.nextval, 3);

27. INSERT INTO not optional Oracle MSSQL:
insert mytable values('more text');
insert into mytable values('more text');

28. UPDATE No UPDATE FROM MSSQL: Oracle update t1 set t1.col2 = t2.col2
from t1
inner join t2 on t1.col1 = t2.col1;
update (select
t2.col2 as src_2,
t2.col2 as tgt_2
from t1
inner join t2 on t1.col1 = t2.col1 )
set tgt_2 =src_2;

29. DELETE Oracle requires FROM MSSQL: Oracle DELETE MyTable;
DELETE FROM MyTable;

30. Lesson 3
Feature comparisons

31. Oracle Feature Comparison
DW Requirement
APS/SQL Server
exadata
High availability
AlwaysOn enhancements
AlwaysOn Failover Clustering
AlwaysOn Active Secondaries
AlwaysOn Availability Groups
Online Operations
Support for Windows Server Core and ReFS
RAC One Node
Active Data Guard
Performance and scale
A shared nothing MPP architecture and scalability from tens to hundreds of terabytes (PDW)
In-memory Column Store
Partitioning to 15k/table
Table & Backup Compression
In-Memory OLTP
Buffer Pool Cache (SSD)
Exadata Smart Scan
Exadata Smart Flash Cache
Partitioning
Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression
Oracle Database In-Memory
Security
Label Security Toolkit
User-Defined Server Roles
TDE & EKM
Label Security
Database Vault
Advanced Security
Manageability/ Ease of development
Distributed Replay
Database Snapshot
Spatial Data Support
Database Tuning Advisor
SSMS, DMV, Policy-based Mgmt
Real Application Testing
Total Recall
Tuning Pack
Diagnostics Pack
Value
SQL Server offers advanced DW capabilities built-in
APS includes DW and HDInsight
Oracle Big Data Appliance

32. EIM Comparison Key Microsoft strengths EIM Solution Data Quality
Integration/ETL
MDM
SQL Server
DQS
SSIS
MDS
Oracle (high price)
Oracle Enterprise Data Quality
Data Integrator
Master Data Management Suite
Key Microsoft strengths
Value: Powerful functionality out-of-the-box vs. paid add-ons for competitors
Integrated solution: Combines DQS, SSIS, MDM, and Analysis Services, Reporting Services, and self-service BI

33. Integration Linked Server / Database Links
Linked Server to Oracle is Easy
Other Direction depends on platform and Oracle Products
SSIS works great with Oracle
BI Stack
Analysis Services
Reporting Services
Oracle Drivers / Clients
32-bit vs. 64-bit
Gets funs with SQL Server Data Tools for BI

34. Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine T5-8 overview
Description
Engineered System—hardware and software designed to work together
Oracle Business Intelligence Foundation Suite with hardware-specific optimizations
Analytic In-Memory Database with Adaptive In-Memory Caching and Columnar Compression
Optimized InfiniBand connectivity to Oracle Exadata
Advanced data visualization
Learn more at
Compared to the Microsoft BI stack
The Exalytics appliance is the equivalent of SQL Server Analysis Services, SharePoint BI with Power View, and SQL Server Reporting Services integration on proprietary hardware.

35. Backup and recovery tools
Use Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) to back up and recover database files
Use SQL Server backup and restore components, in conjunction with SQL Server Agent, to set up, schedule, and automate backups and perform recovery
Use BACKUP and RESTORE commands in applications, T- SQL scripts, stored procedures, and triggers
Backup history is maintained in the RMAN recovery catalog, and the equivalent system catalog tables are in the msdb database in SQL Server
Consider encryption and compression (both tools provide a form of it)
Oracle has no backup to cloud capabilities

36. Tools Oracle has nothing similar to SSMS Command Line
Oracle SQL Developer -> more like SQL Server Data Tools
Command Line
SQL*Plus
SQLCMD
Really requires 3rd Party
Toad seems to be popular
Others
No SQL Profiler Equivalent
OEM / Grid Control is more like MDW

37. Oracle Performance Tools
Automatic Workload Repository (AWS)
Active Session History (ASH)
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
SQL Tuning Advisor

38. Resources Oracle OTM – Database Admins and Developers
Oracle 12c Database Administration 2 Day Training

39. 9/12/2018 1:02 AM
© 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, SQL Server, Windows, and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
© 2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.