1. COMPLETING THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE Accounting Principles, Eighth Edition
CHAPTER 5
COMPLETING THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE
Accounting Principles, Eighth Edition

2. Closing the Books
At the end of the accounting period, the company makes the accounts ready for the next period.
Illustration 4-5
LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

3. Why do we perform closing entries
Closing entries formally recognize, in the general ledger, the transfer of
net income (or net loss) and
owner’s drawing
to owner’s capital.
Only at the end of the annual accounting period.
LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

4. Why do we perform closing entries
Remember: These accounts are what is used to create an income stmt and owner’s equity stmt
These statement cover a period and therefore must be reset to get the balance back to zero for the next year.
LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

5. Closing the Books There are FOUR closing entries
Revenue is closed into the Income Summary (a holding accounting)
Expenses is closed into the Income Summary
The Income Summary balance is closed to the capital account
The Drawings account is closed to the capital account.
LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

6. Closing the Books Note:
Owner’s Drawing is closed directly to Capital and not to Income Summary because Owner’s Drawing is not an expense.
Illustration 4-6
Owner’s Capital is a permanent account; all other accounts are temporary accounts.
LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

7. Closing Entries need to be Posted
Closing the Books
Journalize the closing entries from the financial statement columns of the worksheet.
Since revenue has a balance of $3,170 the closing entry requires a credit to the service revenue account.
Closing Entries need to be Posted
Service revenue 3,170
Income summary 3,170
LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

8. Closing Entries need to be Posted
Closing the Books
Journalize the closing entries from the financial statement columns of the worksheet.
Since expense accounts have a DEBIT balance, the closing entry requires a credit to the expense accounts
Income summary 2,410
Closing Entries need to be Posted
Salary expense 1,050
Supplies expense 960
Depreciation expense 200
Miscellaneous expense 200
LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

9. Closing Entries need to be Posted
Closing the Books
Journalize the closing entries from the financial statement columns of the worksheet.
Since income summary has a $760 credit balance from the prior two entries, we must debit income summary to get the balance to equal zero.
Income summary 760
Closing Entries need to be Posted
I. Spy, Capital 760
LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

10. Closing Entries need to be Posted
Closing the Books
Journalize the closing entries from the financial statement columns of the worksheet.
Since drawings has a debit balance, the closing entry requires a credit to drawings.
Closing Entries need to be Posted
I. Spy, Capital 600
I. Spy, Drawing 600

11. Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance
Purpose is to prove the equality of the permanent account balances after journalizing and posting of closing entries.
All temporary accounts will have zero balances.

12. Summary of the Accounting Cycle
1. Analyze business transactions
2. Journalize the transactions
6. Prepare an adjusted trial balance
7. Prepare financial statements
8. Journalize and post closing entries
9. Prepare a post-closing trial balance
4. Prepare a trial balance
3. Post to ledger accounts
5. Journalize and post adjusting entries
Illustration 4-12

13. Adequate Disclosure
To the users of financial statements, Adequate Disclosure is perhaps the most important principle.
This principle simply means that financial statements should be accompanied by any information necessary for the statements to be interpreted properly.

14. Adequate Disclosure
Two items always disclosed in the notes to financial statements are the accounting methods in use, (Calculation of depreciation) and due dates of major liabilities.
Ex. Note 1: Depreciation Policies
Depreciation expense in the financial statements is computed by the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are 20 years for the building and 5 years for tools and equipment.

15. Adequate Disclosure
Other information that should be disclosed include:
Lawsuits
Plant Closings
Government Investigations
Significant events occurring after Balance sheet date but before Financial Statements are issued.

16. Worksheet Using A Worksheet
A multiple-column form used in preparing financial statements.
Not a permanent accounting record.
Five step process.
Use of worksheet is optional.

17. Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
Illustration 4-2

18. Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
P4-1A The trial balance for Undercover Roofing for the month ended March 31, 2008, is as follows.
Other data:
1. Supplies on hand total $140.
2. Depreciation for March is $200.
3. Unearned revenue amounted to $130 on March 31.
4. Accrued salaries are $350.
Instructions
a. Prepare and complete the worksheet.

19. Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
1. Prepare a Trial Balance on the Worksheet
Trial balance amounts come directly from ledger accounts.
Include all accounts with balances.

20. Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
2. Enter the Adjustments in the Adjustments Columns
(a)
Adjustments Key:
(a) Supplies used.
(b) Depreciation expense.
(c) Service revenue earned.
(d) Salaries accrued.
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(b)
(d)
Enter adjustment amounts, total adjustments columns,
and check for equality.
Add additional accounts as needed.

21. Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
3. Complete the Adjusted Trial Balance Columns
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(b)
(d)
Total the adjusted trial balance columns and check for equality.

22. Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
4. Extend Amounts to Financial Statement Columns
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(b)
(d)
Extend all revenue and expense account balances to the income statement columns.

23. Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
4. Extend Amounts to Financial Statement Columns
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(b)
(d)
Extend all asset, liability, and equity account balances to the balance sheet columns.

24. Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
5. Total Columns, Compute Net Income (Loss)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(b)
(d)
Compute Net income or Net loss.

25. Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
Review Question
Net income is shown on a work sheet in the:
income statement debit column only.
balance sheet debit column only.
income statement credit column and balance sheet debit column.
income statement debit column and balance sheet credit column.

26. Preparing Financial Statements from a Worksheet
Income statement is prepared from the income statement columns.
Balance sheet and owner’s equity statement are prepared from the balance sheet columns.
Companies journalize and post adjusting entries.

27. Accounting for a corporation:
There are several accounts that are used in corporations that you should know.
Dividends: Money distributed to stockholders. (Think Drawings but for a corporation, Debit Balance)
Capital Stock: This is the investments made in the business when Stock is distributed.
Retained Earnings: This represents all net income the company keeps, not given out in dividends, from running operations. This is a permanent account.

28. Income Statement
Nothing Changes here!

29. Statement of Retained Earnings
This is the statement of Owners Equity for a corporation.
Title
Only add Net Income (NO INVESTMENTS)
Deducts are Net Loss and Dividend

30. Balance Sheet
Stockholders Equity Section.
2 Columns

31. Closing Entries for a Corporation
Journalize the closing entries from the financial statement columns of the worksheet.
Service revenue 5,850
Income summary 5,850
Income summary 2,650
Closing Entries need to be Posted
Salary expense 2000
Rent expense 400
Advertising expense 250
Income summary 3200
Retained Earnings 3200
Retained Earnings 1000
Dividends 1000