1. Object Oriented Modeling and Design
Part-I Introduction to Object Oriented Modeling and Design
Part-II Object Model
Part-III Dynamic and functional Model
Presentation by-
Mr. D.P. Pandit
Mr. B.B. Shaharkar
Mr. S.S. Shakhapure
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur (

2. Object Oriented Modeling and Design
Part-III Dynamic and functional Model
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur (

3. Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur
Dynamic model components
1. Events:
An event is something that happens at a point in time. It has no duration. Information can be passed on an event
An event can cause a change in state. This is called an event transition.
Event transitions can have conditions and actions associated with them.
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur (

4. Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur
2. States:
A state is an abstraction of the attribute values and links of an object
A state corresponds to the interval between two events received by an object. A state has duration.
A state is often associated with the value of an object satisfying some condition.
A state can have an activity, which is an action that take time.
A state can have entry, event and exit actions.
A state can have concurrent subparts.
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3. State diagrams:
A state diagram relates states and events.
State diagrams can be nested. A single state can have subdiagrams associated with it.
A nested state diagram is actually a form of generalization on states
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Conditions
A condition is a Boolean function of object values.
When Ram goes out in morning( event), if the temperature is below freezing( condition), then he puts on his gloves (next state).
Notation is [condition]
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Operations
An activity is an operation that takes time to complete.
An activity is associated with a state.
Notation “do: A” within a state box indicates that activity A starts on entry to the state and stops on exit.
An action is an instantaneous operation.
An operation is associated with an event.
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Operations
An action represents an operation whose duration is insignificant compared to the state diagram e.g. disconnect phone line might be an action in response to an on_hook event for phone line.
Actions can also represent internal control operations such as setting attributes or generating other events.
The notation for an action is (“/”) and the name of action, following the name of the event that causes it.
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State1
do:activity1
State2
Event1 (attributes)[condition1]/action1
Action for pop-up menu
idle
Menu visible
Right button down/display menu
Right button up/erase menu
Cursor moved/highlight menu item
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State diagram for Phone line
On-hook
idle
Timed- out
disconnected
Busy tone
Fast busy tone
Dial tone
dialing
connecting
ringing
connected
Recorded message
Off-hook
Time_out
Digit(n)
Invalid no
valid
routed
Called phone answers
Called phone hangs up
Trunk busy
Num busy
State diagram for phone line
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11. Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur
Functional model components
1. Action:
An action is a type of operation.
An action is a transformation that has side effects on the target object or other objects in the system reachable from the target object.
An action has no duration in time; it is logically instantaneous.
2. Activity:
An activity is a type of operation to or by an object that has duration in time.
3. Actor:
An actor is an active object that drives the data flow graph by producing or consuming values .
Actors are explicit objects in the object model. Data flows to or from actors represent operations on or by the objects .
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4. Client:
A client object is the target object of an operation
5. Constraint:
A constraint shows the relationship between two objects at the same time or between two values of the same object at different times
A constraint between values of an object over time is called an invariant.
6. Control Flow:
A control flow is a Boolean value that affects whether a process is evaluated.
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7. Data flow diagram:
A data flow diagram shows the functional relationships of the values computed by a system, including input values, and output values, and internal data stores.
A data flow diagram contains processes that transform data, data flows that move data, actor objects that produce and consume data, and data store objects that store data passively.
Data flows can copy values to multiple destinations.
Aggregate data flows can be split into the sub-parts.
Data flow diagrams can be nested. This is also called leveling.
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8. Data store:
Data stores are passive objects that respond to queries and updates. Data stores are also objects or attributes in the object model.
Data stores do not generate operations on their own but merely responds to requests to store and access data.
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9. Operations:
Each leaf process is an operation.
Each operation may be specified in various ways, including the following:
mathematical functions; table of input and output values; equations specifying output in terms of input; pre- and post-conditions; decision tables; pseudocode; natural language.
The specification of an operation includes a signature and a transformation. The signature
of all methods that implement an operation must match.
Non-trivial operations can be divided in three categories: queries, actions, and activities
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Elements of DFD
ProcessName
Processes -> Transform data
Data flow -> move data
Actor ->objects that produce and consume
data.
Data store -> objects that store data passively.
actorName
Data Store Name
Information/operation
that modify stored data
Information received from stored data
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ATM Login
Customer
ATM
Login
Money
DFD-Level-0
DFD-Level-0
It models system as one process box which represents scope of the system and identifies external entities and related inputs and outputs.
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18. Level 1 - overview diagram
It provides overview of full system and identifies major processes and data flows between them.
It shows data stores that are used by the major processes
The boundary of level 1 is the context diagram
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ATM DFD-Level-1
Amount Details
Account Validate
Login
Bank Server Database
Reject
Valid Account
Accept
Update Database
Print Receipt
Account Details
Money
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20. Level 2 - detailed diagram
In level 2, level 1 processes are expanded into more detail
Here each process in level 1 is decomposed to show its constituent processes.
The boundary of level 2 is the level 1 process
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References
[1] Applying UML and Patterns- By Craig Larman [2] Object Oriented Modeling and Design -JamesRumbaugh, Prentice Hall India [3] Object Oriented Software Engineering - Ivan Jacobson, Pearson Education Asia [4] Succeeding with the Booch OMT Methods -A practical approach - Lockheed Martin, Addison Wesley [5] Object Oriented Analysis and Design using UML - H. Srimathi, H. Sriram, A. Krishnamoorthy
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Thank You
End of Part-III
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