1. DO NOW – 2 min
List two organelles that would be found in a eukaryotic cell AND describe what each does.

2. Now we’re here
WEDNESDAY, April 19, 2017

3. Tutoring Today—On the list

4. Learning Target
I can recall important info about evolution and the cell structures & functions

5. Tasks Today
Evolution and Cell Notes—Nearpod
Extra Credit Opportunity

6. Extra Credit Opportunity
Define the vocab words in the packet and give pic/example
Every 4 completed = 1 bonus point
Due on FRIDAY, April 28th (Friday before EOC)

7. Exit Slip
On the back of the evolution fact sheet what were your answers to #10, #11, and #12?
Explain what one of the organelles in the cell does.

8. Cell Biology
EOC Review

9. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
A prokaryotic cell is a cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
An example of a prokaryotic cell is bacteria.
A eukaryotic cell is a cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
Plants and animals have eukaryotic cells

10. Eukaryotic Organelles
Organelle = special “rooms”/compartments in a cell with specific “jobs”/functions
All eukaryotic cells contain the following organelles:
Nucleus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane

11. Organelles Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains DNA
Location of DNA replication and transcription
Ribosome
Responsible for reading mRNA to create proteins – translation

12. Organelles Golgi Apparatus Transports proteins throughout the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Involved protein synthesis (attached ribosomes)
Both Rough and Smooth aid in modifying proteins.
Golgi Apparatus
Transports proteins throughout the cell

13. Organelles Mitochondria
Organelle responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration
Cell Membrane
Organelle that controls what enters and exits the cell.
Semi-permeable

14. Plant Vs. Animal
Plant cells contain all of the organelles on the previous slide PLUS
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Central Vacuole
Animal cells contain all of the organelles on the previous slide PLUS
Centrioles
Flagella/Cilia

15. Plant Cells Chloroplast Organelle containing chlorophyll
Location of photosynthesis
Central Vacuole
Large water containing sac responsible for maintaining water pressure in the cell.
Cell Wall
Made of cellulose
Maintains of the structure and rigidity of the plant cell

16. Animal Cells Flagella/Cilia Aids in movement
Flagella--tail that whips around
Cilia--short hairs that move around the cell.
Centrioles
Aids in cellular division – mitosis
Releases spindle fibers

17. What is it?
Involved in the first stages of protein synthesis and processing proteins
It is made up of a phospholipid bilayer
This organelle makes proteins in the cytoplasm.
This organelle aids in mitosis
Uses energy from the sun to create glucose
Where DNA is stored, replicated and transcribed into mRNA
Makes ATP for the cell’s energy
This organelle transports molecules throughout the cell
Holds water in place and maintains turgor pressure in plants

18. Cell Membrane—IN DETAIL
Semi-permeable: allows only certain materials to enter and leave the cell
Maintains homeostasis – an internal balance.
Keeps thing in and out by using passive transport and active transport.

19. Passive Transport Does NOT require ATP energy
Molecules move down/with concentration gradient (from high concentration to low concentration)

20. Passive Transport Three types:
Diffusion – movement of small, nonpolar molecules across the cell membrane
EX: Oxygen moving into red blood cells from the lung
Osmosis –movement of water molecules across the cell membrane
EX: Kidneys removing excess water from the blood
Facilitated Diffusion –movement of large or charged molecules through a membrane protein.
EX: Glucose entering a cell for cellular respiration

22. Active Transport Requires ATP energy
Molecules move up/against concentration gradient (from low concentration to high concentration)
Moves through a membrane protein
Usually ions (charged molecules)
EX: Na+/K+ pump to conduct nerve signals

24. Passive and Active Transport

25. Draw or Give an Example of each type of transport

26. Complementary reactions

27. Mitochondria– IN DETAIL
Site of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic – requires oxygen
Converts chemical energy from food into usable ATP energy

28. Mitochondria– IN DETAIL
Step 1:
Glycolysis
Occurs in the cytoplasm (ALL CELLS)
Put in:
Energy (ATP)
Glucose
Process Details:
Breaks up glucose into smaller parts
Get out:
NADH
2 Pyruvate

29. Mitochondria– IN DETAIL
Step 2:
Kreb’s Cycle
Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
Put in:
OXYGEN (must be present)
Pyruvate
Process Details:
Completely breaks down glucose into CO2
Get out:
Energy (ATP)
NADH & FADH2
CO2

30. Mitochondria– IN DETAIL
Step 3:
Electron
Transport Chain
Occurs in the mitochondrial membrane
Put in:
OXYGEN
NADH & FADH2
Process Details:
Passes the electron carriers through the inner membrane to create a gradient of H+ ions that are used to power ATP synthase.
Get out:
ATP (a lot)
Water--byproduct

31. Chloroplast –IN DETAIL
Site of photosynthesis
Converts solar energy into chemical energy

32. Chloroplast –IN DETAIL
Stage I:
Light Reactions
Occurs in the thylakoid
Put in:
Sunlight
Water
Process Details:
Light energy breaks water in half to release electrons. Works similar to the ETC
Get out:
ATP
NADH
Oxygen--byproduct

33. Chloroplast –IN DETAIL
Stage II:
Calvin Cycle
(Light-independent reactions)
Occurs in the stroma
Put in:
NADH
ATP
Carbon Dioxide
Process Details:
-Converts CO2 into sugar!
-Makes glucose which is used as a building block for the plant
Get out:
Glucose