1. Volume 143, Issue 4, Pages 1025-1035 (April 2013)
Effects of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase on Protease-Induced Acute and Chronic Lung Inflammation, Remodeling, and Emphysema in Rats 
Xiaocong Fang, PhD, MD, Ka Li, PhD, Xuefei Tao, MD, Chengshui Chen, BS, Xiaoying Wang, BS, Lingyan Wang, BS, Diane C. Wang, BS, Yong Zhang, MD, Chunxue Bai, MD, PhD, Xiangdong Wang, MD, PhD 
CHEST 
Volume 143, Issue 4, Pages (April 2013)
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Copyright © 2013 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
A-C, Lung weight (A), ELGV (B), and lung density (C) of rats treated intranasally with vehicle, SHBM1009, or budesonide once daily for 7 days and 28 days after intratracheal challenges with PE or PBS. *P < .05 and **P < .01, respectively, for comparison with animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PBS. +P < .05 and ++P < .01, respectively, for comparison with animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PE. ELGV = excised lung gas volume; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PE = pancreatic elastase.
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Copyright © 2013 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
A-D, Total protein concentrations (A), cell counts (B), IL-1 levels in BAL fluid (C), and mRNA expression levels (D) of fibulin-5 in lung tissue of rats treated intranasally with vehicle, SHBM1009, or budesonide once daily for 7 days and 28 days after intratracheal challenges with PE or PBS. *P < .05 and **P < .01, respectively, for comparison with animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PBS. +P < .05 and ++P < .01, respectively, for comparison with animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PE. BALF = BAL fluid; Gadph = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. See Figure 1 legend for expansion of other abbreviations.
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Copyright © 2013 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
A, Lung photographs (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification, × 200). B, The ratio of intraalveolar and extraalveolar space area. C, The mean intraalveolar distance for rats treated intranasally with vehicle, SHBM1009, or budesonide once daily for 28 days after intratracheal challenge with PE or PBS. A1, Animal treated with vehicle and challenged with PBS. A2, Animal treated with vehicle and challenged with PE (single-headed arrows point to compromised alveolar walls; double-headed arrow points to enlarged alveolar space). A3, Animal treated with SHBM1009 and challenged with PBS (double arrows point to increased infiltration of monocytes). A4, Animal treated with 1 mg/kg SHBM1009 and challenged with PE. A5, Animal treated with 10 mg/kg SHBM1009 and challenged with PE. A6, Animal treated with budesonide and challenged with PE. *P < .05 and **P < .01, respectively, for comparison with animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PBS. +P < .05 and ++P < .01, respectively, for comparison with animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PE. See Figure 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.
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Copyright © 2013 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Morphologic changes of alveolar architecture under electron microscopy 28 days after the challenge with pancreatic elastase. A, Compromised gas-blood barrier (white single arrow). B, Increased number of myofibroblasts within the interstitial tissue (white single arrow) and deposition of collagen (white double arrows). C, The process of alveolar epithelial damage and repair (white single arrow). D, healed end of broken alveolar walls (white single arrow).
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6. Figure 5
Immunohistochemical staining of α-smooth muscle actin for rats treated intranasally with vehicle, SHBM1009, or budesonide once daily for 28 days after intratracheal challenge with PE or PBS. A1, Animal treated with vehicle and challenged with PBS. A2, Animal treated with vehicle and challenged with PE. A3, Animal treated with SHBM1009 and challenged with PBS. A4, Animal treated with 1 mg/kg SHBM1009 and challenged with PE. A5, Animal treated with 10 mg/kg SHBM1009 and challenged with PE. A6, Animal treated with budesonide and challenged with PE. See Figure 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 2013 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
A, First and third columns: photomicrographs of collagen deposition (Masson staining, × 200). Second and fourth columns: photomicrographs of collagen deposition (picrosirius red staining, × 200). B, Mean values of counted collagen area of rats treated intranasally with vehicle, SHBM1009, or budesonide once daily for 28 days after the intratracheal challenges with PE or PBS. A1-1, A1-2, and B1, Animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PBS. A2-1, A2-2, and B2, Animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PE. A3-1, A3-2, and B3, Animals treated with SHBM1009 and challenged with PBS. A4-1, A4-2, and B4, Animals treated with 1 mg/kg SHBM1009 and challenged with PE. A5-1, A5-2, and B5, Animals treated with 10 mg/kg SHBM1009 and challenged with PE. A6-1, A6-2, and B6, Animals treated with budesonide and challenged with PE. Black arrows point to deposition of collagen in the large airways. *P < .05 and **P < .01, respectively, for comparison with animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PBS. +P < .05 and ++P < .01, respectively, for comparison with animals treated with vehicle and challenged with PE. See Figure 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 2013 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

8. Figure 7
Increased ratios of total A549 cell number measured using the Cell-IQ system (CellIQ GmbH) were calculated on basis of the following formula: [values at different time point – values at the initial time]/values at the initial time. A, Cell cultures treated with vehicle and challenged with PBS or PE at concentrations of 0.03, 0.3, 1, or 2 units/mL. B, Cell cultures treated with BEZ235 at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 μM and challenged with PBS or PE at the concentration of 1 International Unit/mL. C, Cell cultures treated with SHBM1009 at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 μM and challenged with PBS or PE at the concentration of 1 International Unit/mL. D, Cell cultures treated with BEZ235 at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM and challenged with PBS or PE at the concentration of 0.3 units/mL. E, Cell cultures treated with SHBM1009 at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM and challenged with PBS or PE at the concentration of 0.3 units/mL. See Figure 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.
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Copyright © 2013 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions