1. Viktória Ünnep 1, Ágnes Török 1 és Attila Balázs 2
Complex sedimentological and geophysical study of the Kápolna-hegy „spring-cone” (Buda Hills, Hungary)
Viktória Ünnep 1, Ágnes Török 1 és Attila Balázs 2
(ELTE TTK - Geology Msc1 and Geophysics Msc. 2) 1

2. Presentation outline Freshwater limestone grouping Springcones
Facies of freshwater limestones
Springcones
The outcrop of Kápolna-hegy
Location
Previous studies
Field work and laboratory results
Reconstruction model
Geophysical interpretation
Conclusion 2

3. Freshwater limestone grouping (after Pentecost 2005)
Termogen
Meteogen
Tetaratas, Yellowstone National Park
Calcareous tufa, Szalajka patak 3

4. Facies of freshwater limestone
Pamukkale Tetaratas in Pamukkale (Turkey)
Spring ridge, Terme San Giovanni (Toscana, Italia) 4
Springcone with lake, Ruzsbachfürdő (Slovakia)
Springcone, Szántó (Slovakia)

5. Springcones
Types of springcones (Scheuer and Schweitzer 1985) 5

6. Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
Location of Kápolna-hegy
Travertine
Tamás Tóth 2003 6

7. Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
Previous studies:
Schréter (1951) suggested that limestone layers dip outward concentric, forming a mound
Scheuer (1996) described the deposit as a springcone
Kele (2009) measured Middle-Pleistocene age for the limestone by U/Th method.
Schematic representation of springcone by Scheuer (1996) 7

8. Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
Field works
Onkoids
Schematic represetation of the mine 8

9. Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
2 cm
Field works
“Orifice (Feeder channel)” 9

10. Field works Deposit of Kápolna-hegy One of caves on the north wall
(Fotó: Virág M.)
One of caves on the north wall 10

11. Field works - Laboratory
XRF – yellow siltyclay
The yellow powder
90% carbonate
abudant amount of quartz
Clay minerals:
Muskovite/illite
Kaolinite
Smectite
Goethite 11

12. Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
Field works
Reed stems 12
“bough”

13. Field works Deposit of Kápolna-hegy 2 cm
Microbial „shrub” exposed bay the south wall
Lamination of south wall, tetarata (?) 13

14. Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
Measurement of layer dips
The location of vertical section
- Dip direction are oriented outward from the possible feed channel
Schematic representation of the mine with the dip values 14

15. Location of vertical section
Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
Location of vertical section
The panorama picture of north wall with the location of samples 15

16. A kápolna-hegyi előfordulás
Szelvény 4
Oncoids
Oocardium-like algal
Plant fragments
Reeds
Thin- laminated beds 16

17. Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
The location of profile A N B
The satelite picture of the mine with the location of profile ( 17

18. Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
The profile 18

19. Deposit of Kápolna-hegy
Recontruction of sedimentary enviroments
Asymmetric cone with lake. The triangle shows the water table of the lake 19

20. Geophysical interpretation
Multielectrode geoelectric profiling
clay
limestone
Vertical elevation (mBf)
Distance on the profile (m) 20

21. } Conclusions distal  We separated four different litology types
laminated proximal
thick-bed/ oncoids
thick-bed/algal fragments
thick-bed/ reed stems }
distal
 The available data suggest that the generation of the cone is related to faults.
 We tried to find explanation to the anomalous feature by thin sections and laboratory invetigations (yellow silty clay, „feeder channel”) 21

22. The combination of a springcone and a lake
We elaborated a model to reconstruct the sedimentary enviroment
 We verified the sedimentary model by geoelectrical measurement
 We have improved Scheuer’s model by suggesting that the travertine of Kápolna-hegy is not simply springcone but:
The combination of a springcone and a lake 22

23. Thank you for your attention!
Yellowstone (from internet) 23

24. Thanks to Andrea Mindszenty Sándor Kele Zoltán Hámori András Varga
Orsolya Győri
László Lovas
Ildikó Cora
Ferenc Horváth
Zsolt Bendő
Tamás Vladár 24
Orange springcone, Yellowstone (from internet)