1. Probability and Genetics
Genetic Reindeer

2. Probability
Probability is the likelihood that a particular event will occur
Whether a coin lands on heads or tails is probability

3. Genotypes/Phenotypes
Genotypes are the genetic makeup, or set of genes, carried by an organism. They are shown by using upper and lowercase letters. (HH, Hh, hh)
Phenotypes are the physical expression of the genes, such as blue eyes or tall plant.

4. Creating Genetic Reindeer
The mother contributes HALF of the chromosomes to the baby in the egg, and the father contributes HALF of the chromosomes in the sperm.
You will toss a PENNY to represent the mother’s chromosome and a NICKEL to represent the father’s chromosome.

5. Coin tossing
If you toss the coin and get Heads, put a H in the box. If you toss the coin and get tails, put a h in the box. You toss ONE coin for the mom and ONE coin for the dad.

6. Genotype
For genotype, you put the two tosses together. The possibilities will be
HH, Hh, or hh
HH and Hh will show the dominate phenotype, and hh will show the recessive phenotype.

7. Phenotype
The phenotype will be found in the box under the data table.

8. Directions
Toss the penny for the mom, and record H (Heads) or h (tails) in the box.
Write them together under Genotype (HH, Hh, or hh)
Use the chart to record the phenotype.
For Sex of baby, you only flip the nickel. Mom’s can only give and x. Dad’s can give x or y. In this case, H is x and h is y.

9. Trait
Female (Clarice)
Male (Rudolph)
Genotype
Phenotype
Lips
Fur Color
Ear Color (inside)
Antler color
Eye Color
Nose Color
Gender x
(don’t flip)
x= heads
y= tails
Male =xy
Female = xx
Male- no bow
Female- bow

10. Punnett Squares
Punnett Squares show all of the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

11. After you have colored your Reindeer,
Answer the questions on the front and back of the sheet. This is graded, so answer them independently.