1. Do Now
Confucius once said that, “a man who committed a mistake and doesn’t correct it is committing another mistake” Describe what you believe this quote is teaching in your own words. Provide an example of a situation in which this quote could be used as a good advice for someone.

2. Chapter 8 Lesson 3 Mongols in China
Mrs. Stoll 7th Grade Social Studies

3. Mongol Expansion
By A.D. 1200s, Chinese civilization had made many achievements in government, technology, and the arts.
But, Mongols were preparing to invade.
Mongols- the dominant nomadic group in central Asia.
Became the first non-Chinese people to rule all of China

4. Who were the Mongols? Came from Mongolia; north of China
Lived in yurts, or moveable tents
Raised horses, sheep, and yaks
Made up of clans, or groups of related families loosely joined together

5. Mongol Yurt

6. Who were the Mongols?
Early in history, the Mongols developed skills that were necessary for nomadic living
Learned to ride horseback at the age of four or five
Also developed fighting skills
Rode horses towards enemies and could accurately shoot arrows from far distances
Also attacked with swords and spears

7. Genghis Khan In A.D. 1206, a meeting of Mongol leaders took
place in the Gobi Desert.
A warrior named Temujin (the-MOO-juhn) was elected Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan means “strong ruler”
Genghis Khan set out to unify the Mongol clans

8. Genghis Khan He organized Mongol laws to create a new legal code
Formed a group of clan chiefs to help plan military campaigns
Fought to conquer lands beyond Mongolia.

10. Genghis Khan Created an army of more than 100,000 trained warriors
Soldiers were organized into units
The units were placed under the command of skilled officers
Army officers were chosen based on abilities rather than social position
These changes made Mongols the most skilled fighting force in the world at the time

11. Genghis Khan
Under Genghis Khan, Mongols conquered other people of the steppes
These victories brought tribute money to the Mongol treasury and new recruits to the army
In A.D thousands of Mongol horsemen invaded China
Within three years they had taken control of northern China

12. Genghis Khan
After conquering northern China they moved west and invaded the kingdoms that controlled the Silk Road
Genghis Khan and his warriors became known for their cruel fighting and use of terror.
Mongol soldiers attacked, looted, and burned down cities
Soon many began to surrender to the Mongols without even fighting them.

13. Empire Builders
After Genghis Khan’s death in A.D , his territory was split into several areas
Each area was ruled by one of his sons
Despite the division, Mongol conquests continued.
Warriors swept into eastern and central Europe.
Also conquered Persia located in Southwest Asia

14. Empire Builders In A.D. 1258, Mongols captured the Muslim city of
Baghdad
Mongols then moved into Syria and Palestine to Egypt
Muslim leaders of Egypt stopped the Mongol’s advance in A.D. 1260

15. Empire Builders
Mongol rule stretched from the Pacific Ocean in the east to eastern Europe in the west
From Siberia in the north to the Himalaya in the south
Mongols created the largest land empire in history

16. Empire Builders
Mongols caused a great deal of damage, but also brought stability
Stability encouraged trade and closer contact between Asia and Europe
Many of the great trade routes crossed Mongol lands
Mongols grew wealthy because they taxed the products traded along these roads

17. Empire Builders
Mongols admired the cultures they conquered and sometimes adopted their beliefs and customs
The Mongols in Southwest Asia accepted Islam and adopted Arab, Persian, and Turkish ways.

18. Empire Builders
From the Chinese, Mongols learned about gunpowder and its use as an explosive.
Especially, the fire lance that later developed into the gun and cannon.
After adopting the use of gunpowder, the Mongols became even more frightening to their opponents

19. Mongol Conquest of China
In A.D. 1260, the grandson of Genghis Khan, Kublai, became the new Mongol ruler
In A.D. 1264, Kublai established his capital at Khanbaliq- the city of the khan- in northern China
Khanbaliq is the modern day city of Beijing.

20. Mongols and Chinese
In 1271, Kublai Khan decided he would control all of China
He brought an end to the Song dynasty and declared himself emperor
Kublai Khan started the Yuan (YWAN) dynasty
Yuan means “beginning”
The Yuan dynasty would last about 100 years
Kublai Khan ruled for 30 years until his death in A.D. 1294

22. Government and Religion
In government affairs, the Yuan regime, did not use civil service examinations
Government jobs were open to non-Chinese people, including Mongols and Turks
However, Yuan rulers respected Confucian writings and allowed Chinese scholar-officials to keep their posts

23. Government and Religion
Similar to many Chinese, the Mongols in China practiced Buddhism
But, they were respectful of other religions
Kublai Khan encouraged Christians, Muslims, and Hindus from outside China to practice their faiths.

24. Government and Religion
Under Mongol rule, China reached the height of its wealth and power.
Mongols gradually won support of some Chinese who appreciated the order and prosperity that they brought to the country.

25. Marco Polo Visitors often reached China by the Silk Road.
Marco Polo was a famous European traveler
From Venice, Italy

26. Marco Polo
Lived in the capital Khanbaliq during the reign of Kublai Khan
Kublai was fascinated by Marco Polo’s stories about his journeys.
Polo was a privileged resident of China
Kublai sent him on trips all over the region to gather information and carry out business.
From some of those years Polo ruled the Chinese city of Yangzshou

28. Trade and Empire Mongol empire stretched from China to eastern Europe
Prospered from increased overland trade with many parts of the world
Yuan dynasty built ships and expanded maritime trade
China traded tea, silk, and porcelain in exchange for goods such as silver, carpets, cotton, and spices.

29. Trade and Empire
Muslims and Europeans also took Chinese discoveries back to their homelands
Mongol armies advanced into Vietnam and northern Korea
The rulers of Korea, called the Koryo (koh-RY-oh) remained in power because they agreed to Mongol control

30. Trade and Empire Mongols forced thousands of Koreans to build warships
Mongols used these ships in two attempts to invade Japan
Both voyages ended in failure when huge storms destroyed much of the fleet

31. Lesson 3 Review
Answer questions #1-4 on page 199

32. Lesson 3 Review
1. If you were to visit the Mongolian steppes, what would you likely see?

33. Lesson 3 Review
1. If you were to visit the Mongolian steppes, what would you likely see?

34. Lesson 3 Review
2. Why did trading improve under Mongolian rule? Give examples of goods that were traded and how they were traded.

35. Lesson 3 Review
2. Why did trading improve under Mongolian rule? Give examples of goods that were traded and how they were traded.

36. Lesson 3 Review
3. How did the Mongols use terror in their conquests?

37. Lesson 3 Review
3. How did the Mongols use terror in their conquests?

38. Lesson 3 Review
3. How did the Chinese benefit from being ruled by the Mongols?

39. Lesson 3 Review
3. How did the Chinese benefit from being ruled by the Mongols?